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abnormal psych exam 2 > stress related and anxiety disorders > Flashcards

stress related and anxiety disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three components in Hans Selfles’s general adaptation syndrome

A

alarm/ stress
resistance to stress
exhaustion from resistance

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2
Q

what is problem focused coping

A

trying to fix the stressor

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3
Q

what is emotional focused coping

A

fixing how you respond to the problem

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4
Q

what is a big proponent of developing PTSD while the traumatic situation is happening

A

a feeling of powerlessness

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5
Q

what are the 5 basic components of PTSD

A

a stressor someone was exposed to
intrusion of thought symptoms
avoidance
alterations in cognitions and mood
alterations in arousal and reactivity

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6
Q

what are the 4 mentioned stressors that can cause PTSD

A

death
threatened death
threatened or actual sexual violence
actual or threatened serious injury

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7
Q

what are 4 ways someone can be exposed to a trauma that would cause them to develop PTSD

A

direct exposure

witnessing in person

indirectly (by learning about a close individual)

repeated extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of an event (nurse, EMT, social worker)

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8
Q

what are intrusion symptoms in PTSD

A

traumatic event is persistently reecperienced by…

memories
nightmares
flashbacks
distress after exposure to traumatic reminders

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9
Q

what is avoidance in PTSD

A

persistent effortful avoidance of trauma related stimuli

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10
Q

what are 3 alterations in cognition and mood in PTSD

A

dissociative amnesia
constricted affect
feeling alienated

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11
Q

what are 3 alterations in arousal and reactivity in PTSD

A

exaggerated startle response
self destructive or reckless behavior
problems in concentration

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12
Q

what are anxiety disorders characterized by
abnormal levels of… (3)
sense of _____ _______

A

abnormal levels of arousal, tension, fear, or sense of foreboding trouble

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13
Q

what are the 4 types of symptoms anxiety disorders can manifest in

A

physical
emotional
cognitive
behavioral

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14
Q

what was the old term for anxiety disorders

A

neurosis

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15
Q

what is generalized anxiety disorder compared to others

A

less severe, but more chronic

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16
Q

what is panic disorder characterized by

A

reoccurring experiences of intense panic with no obvious trigger or cause

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17
Q

what are 2 bodily symptoms that panic disorder has

A

increased heart rate
shortness of breath

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18
Q

what is an uncued panic attack

A

comes out of the blue with no obvious trigger

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19
Q

what is a situationally bound panic attack

A

tied to a specific, usually known trigger

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20
Q

according to the DSM, to have panic disorder your attacks have to be followed by __ month(s) of concern about ________ and its ______ as well as a change in _________

A

persistence concern about having attacks
worry about the attack and its consequences
a significant change in behavior due to the attacks

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21
Q

what are 2 biological factors that may affect panic disorder

A

suffocation alarm theory-
minor cues in suffocation lead to response to suffocating (making it worse)

low levels of GABA, an inhibitory transmitter that slows down neuroactivity

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22
Q

what are phobic disorders

A

an irrational fear disproportionate to or without objective basis

23
Q

what type of phobias usually have an early onset

A

specific phobias

24
Q

what type of phobias typically have later onset

A

social phobias and agoraphobia

25
Q

what is a specific phobia

A

an irrational fear of a specific object or situation

26
Q

what is a social phobia
what is it majorly characterized by

A

set of social interactions and situations

majorly characterized by the fear of being judged

27
Q

what is agoraphobia

A

dear of being in a place that it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape if a panic attack begins

28
Q

what type of phobia often develops as a vicious cycle

A

agoraphobia

29
Q

what are the DSM requirements to be an obsession for OCD

A

persistant thought/images at time of disturbance that cause anxiety

person tries to neutralize thoughts via other thoughts/ actions

30
Q

what are DSM compulsions for OCD

A

behaviors or mental acts in response to an obsession

aimed at preventing or reducing stress/ some dreaded situation

31
Q

what is the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety

A

caused by unconscious fears

32
Q

what does psychodynamic treatment of anxiety focus on

A

freeing the ego by making it aware of unconscious fears and urges

33
Q

what is the two factor model that focuses on the learning perspective of anxiety disorders

what are panic attacks triggered by in this model

what are agoraphobic behaviors triggered by in this model

A

initial association is met with an aversive experience (classical conditioning)

panic attacks triggered by associational cues

agoraphobic behavior is reinforced by absence of panic attacks

34
Q

what are two learning perspective treatments for anxiety disorders

A

systematic desensitization

flooding (overwhelming exposure to strong stimuli)

35
Q

what are 3 maladaptive cognitions associated with anxiety

A

overprediction of fear
exaggeration of risks
oversensitivity to threat

36
Q

what type of therapy is prolonged exposure therapy and what is it

A

cognitive behavioral therapy

mixing imaginal exposure in therapy
and in vivo (real life) exposure out of therapy

37
Q

what is virtual reality therapy

A

exposure to simulated situations to moderate response

38
Q

what is biofeedback
what is its purpose

A

when you’re hooked up to sensors
learn your physiological responses to things

39
Q

what is response prevention

A

prevented from doing compulsions to make it clear nothing bad will happen if you dont partake in compulsions

40
Q

what is social skills training

A

teaches interpersonal skills and assertivness

41
Q

what are beta blockers (lowers ____ and _____)

what is an example of a beta blockers

what disorder has it has success treating

A

block beta in the heart to lower epinephrine and lower heart rate

propanolol

PTSD

42
Q

In America, which groups have lower rates (of diagnosis) of anxiety disorders

A

ethnic minorities

43
Q

what is cognitive reconstructing

A

a method where therapists pinpoint self defeating thoughts and generate rational alternatives someone can use to cope with anxiety provoking situations

44
Q

another name for the false suffocation alarm theory

(the leading theory of panic attacks)

A

cognitive biologial model

45
Q

what are the 2 most common forms of treatment for panic disorder

A

drugs and cognitive behavioral therapy

46
Q

what are 3 components of CBT used to treat anxiety disorders

A

self monitoring
exposure trials
development of coping responses

47
Q

are social anxiety and acrophobia the same thing

A

no

48
Q

what part of the brain may be responsible for irrational fear/anxiety

what part of the brain corrects the irrationality

A

the amygdala

the prefrontal cortex

49
Q

who study the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health

A

health psychologists

50
Q

what is acculturative stress

A

pressure that results from the demand placed immigrant, native, and ethnic minority groups

51
Q

what is psychological hardiness

A

cluster of traits that help people manage stress

52
Q

what is positive psychology

A

the study of optimism

53
Q

what is adjustment disorder

A

maladaptive reaction to life event or stressor that develops within 3 months of the onset of the stressor

54
Q

what is the time frame of someone with acute distress disorder

A

3 days to 1 month following a traumatic event

abnormal psych exam 2 (4 decks)

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