stress related and anxiety disorders Flashcards by Mykasia Bostic

what are the three components in Hans Selfles’s general adaptation syndrome

alarm/ stress
resistance to stress
exhaustion from resistance

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what is problem focused coping

trying to fix the stressor

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what is emotional focused coping

fixing how you respond to the problem

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what is a big proponent of developing PTSD while the traumatic situation is happening

a feeling of powerlessness

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what are the 5 basic components of PTSD

a stressor someone was exposed to
intrusion of thought symptoms
avoidance
alterations in cognitions and mood
alterations in arousal and reactivity

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what are the 4 mentioned stressors that can cause PTSD

death
threatened death
threatened or actual sexual violence
actual or threatened serious injury

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what are 4 ways someone can be exposed to a trauma that would cause them to develop PTSD

direct exposure

witnessing in person

indirectly (by learning about a close individual)

repeated extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of an event (nurse, EMT, social worker)

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what are intrusion symptoms in PTSD

traumatic event is persistently reecperienced by…

memories
nightmares
flashbacks
distress after exposure to traumatic reminders

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what is avoidance in PTSD

persistent effortful avoidance of trauma related stimuli

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what are 3 alterations in cognition and mood in PTSD

dissociative amnesia
constricted affect
feeling alienated

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what are 3 alterations in arousal and reactivity in PTSD

exaggerated startle response
self destructive or reckless behavior
problems in concentration

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what are anxiety disorders characterized by
abnormal levels of… (3)
sense of _____ _______

abnormal levels of arousal, tension, fear, or sense of foreboding trouble

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what are the 4 types of symptoms anxiety disorders can manifest in

physical
emotional
cognitive
behavioral

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what was the old term for anxiety disorders

neurosis

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what is generalized anxiety disorder compared to others

less severe, but more chronic

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what is panic disorder characterized by

reoccurring experiences of intense panic with no obvious trigger or cause

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what are 2 bodily symptoms that panic disorder has

increased heart rate
shortness of breath

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what is an uncued panic attack

comes out of the blue with no obvious trigger

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what is a situationally bound panic attack

tied to a specific, usually known trigger

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according to the DSM, to have panic disorder your attacks have to be followed by __ month(s) of concern about ________ and its ______ as well as a change in _________

persistence concern about having attacks
worry about the attack and its consequences
a significant change in behavior due to the attacks

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what are 2 biological factors that may affect panic disorder

suffocation alarm theory-
minor cues in suffocation lead to response to suffocating (making it worse)

low levels of GABA, an inhibitory transmitter that slows down neuroactivity

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what are phobic disorders

an irrational fear disproportionate to or without objective basis

what type of phobias usually have an early onset

specific phobias

what type of phobias typically have later onset

social phobias and agoraphobia

what is a specific phobia

an irrational fear of a specific object or situation

what is a social phobia what is it majorly characterized by

set of social interactions and situations majorly characterized by the fear of being judged

what is agoraphobia

dear of being in a place that it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape if a panic attack begins

what type of phobia often develops as a vicious cycle

agoraphobia

what are the DSM requirements to be an obsession for OCD

persistant thought/images at time of disturbance that cause anxiety person tries to neutralize thoughts via other thoughts/ actions

what are DSM compulsions for OCD

behaviors or mental acts in response to an obsession aimed at preventing or reducing stress/ some dreaded situation

what is the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety

caused by unconscious fears

what does psychodynamic treatment of anxiety focus on

freeing the ego by making it aware of unconscious fears and urges

what is the two factor model that focuses on the learning perspective of anxiety disorders what are panic attacks triggered by in this model what are agoraphobic behaviors triggered by in this model

initial association is met with an aversive experience (classical conditioning) panic attacks triggered by associational cues agoraphobic behavior is reinforced by absence of panic attacks

what are two learning perspective treatments for anxiety disorders

systematic desensitization flooding (overwhelming exposure to strong stimuli)

what are 3 maladaptive cognitions associated with anxiety

overprediction of fear exaggeration of risks oversensitivity to threat

what type of therapy is prolonged exposure therapy and what is it

cognitive behavioral therapy mixing imaginal exposure in therapy and in vivo (real life) exposure out of therapy

what is virtual reality therapy

exposure to simulated situations to moderate response

what is biofeedback what is its purpose

when you're hooked up to sensors learn your physiological responses to things

what is response prevention

prevented from doing compulsions to make it clear nothing bad will happen if you dont partake in compulsions

what is social skills training

teaches interpersonal skills and assertivness

what are beta blockers (lowers ____ and _____) what is an example of a beta blockers what disorder has it has success treating

block beta in the heart to lower epinephrine and lower heart rate propanolol PTSD

In America, which groups have lower rates (of diagnosis) of anxiety disorders

ethnic minorities

what is cognitive reconstructing

a method where therapists pinpoint self defeating thoughts and generate rational alternatives someone can use to cope with anxiety provoking situations

another name for the false suffocation alarm theory (the leading theory of panic attacks)

cognitive biologial model

what are the 2 most common forms of treatment for panic disorder

drugs and cognitive behavioral therapy

what are 3 components of CBT used to treat anxiety disorders

self monitoring exposure trials development of coping responses

are social anxiety and acrophobia the same thing

what part of the brain may be responsible for irrational fear/anxiety what part of the brain corrects the irrationality

the amygdala the prefrontal cortex

who study the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health

health psychologists

what is acculturative stress

pressure that results from the demand placed immigrant, native, and ethnic minority groups

what is psychological hardiness

cluster of traits that help people manage stress

what is positive psychology

the study of optimism

what is adjustment disorder

maladaptive reaction to life event or stressor that develops within 3 months of the onset of the stressor

what is the time frame of someone with acute distress disorder

3 days to 1 month following a traumatic event