stress related and anxiety disorders Flashcards
what are the three components in Hans Selfles’s general adaptation syndrome
alarm/ stress
resistance to stress
exhaustion from resistance
what is problem focused coping
trying to fix the stressor
what is emotional focused coping
fixing how you respond to the problem
what is a big proponent of developing PTSD while the traumatic situation is happening
a feeling of powerlessness
what are the 5 basic components of PTSD
a stressor someone was exposed to
intrusion of thought symptoms
avoidance
alterations in cognitions and mood
alterations in arousal and reactivity
what are the 4 mentioned stressors that can cause PTSD
death
threatened death
threatened or actual sexual violence
actual or threatened serious injury
what are 4 ways someone can be exposed to a trauma that would cause them to develop PTSD
direct exposure
witnessing in person
indirectly (by learning about a close individual)
repeated extreme indirect exposure to aversive details of an event (nurse, EMT, social worker)
what are intrusion symptoms in PTSD
traumatic event is persistently reecperienced by…
memories
nightmares
flashbacks
distress after exposure to traumatic reminders
what is avoidance in PTSD
persistent effortful avoidance of trauma related stimuli
what are 3 alterations in cognition and mood in PTSD
dissociative amnesia
constricted affect
feeling alienated
what are 3 alterations in arousal and reactivity in PTSD
exaggerated startle response
self destructive or reckless behavior
problems in concentration
what are anxiety disorders characterized by
abnormal levels of… (3)
sense of _____ _______
abnormal levels of arousal, tension, fear, or sense of foreboding trouble
what are the 4 types of symptoms anxiety disorders can manifest in
physical
emotional
cognitive
behavioral
what was the old term for anxiety disorders
neurosis
what is generalized anxiety disorder compared to others
less severe, but more chronic
what is panic disorder characterized by
reoccurring experiences of intense panic with no obvious trigger or cause
what are 2 bodily symptoms that panic disorder has
increased heart rate
shortness of breath
what is an uncued panic attack
comes out of the blue with no obvious trigger
what is a situationally bound panic attack
tied to a specific, usually known trigger
according to the DSM, to have panic disorder your attacks have to be followed by __ month(s) of concern about ________ and its ______ as well as a change in _________
persistence concern about having attacks
worry about the attack and its consequences
a significant change in behavior due to the attacks
what are 2 biological factors that may affect panic disorder
suffocation alarm theory-
minor cues in suffocation lead to response to suffocating (making it worse)
low levels of GABA, an inhibitory transmitter that slows down neuroactivity
what are phobic disorders
an irrational fear disproportionate to or without objective basis
what type of phobias usually have an early onset
specific phobias
what type of phobias typically have later onset
social phobias and agoraphobia
what is a specific phobia
an irrational fear of a specific object or situation
what is a social phobia
what is it majorly characterized by
set of social interactions and situations
majorly characterized by the fear of being judged
what is agoraphobia
dear of being in a place that it would be difficult or embarrassing to escape if a panic attack begins
what type of phobia often develops as a vicious cycle
agoraphobia
what are the DSM requirements to be an obsession for OCD
persistant thought/images at time of disturbance that cause anxiety
person tries to neutralize thoughts via other thoughts/ actions
what are DSM compulsions for OCD
behaviors or mental acts in response to an obsession
aimed at preventing or reducing stress/ some dreaded situation
what is the psychodynamic perspective on anxiety
caused by unconscious fears
what does psychodynamic treatment of anxiety focus on
freeing the ego by making it aware of unconscious fears and urges
what is the two factor model that focuses on the learning perspective of anxiety disorders
what are panic attacks triggered by in this model
what are agoraphobic behaviors triggered by in this model
initial association is met with an aversive experience (classical conditioning)
panic attacks triggered by associational cues
agoraphobic behavior is reinforced by absence of panic attacks
what are two learning perspective treatments for anxiety disorders
systematic desensitization
flooding (overwhelming exposure to strong stimuli)
what are 3 maladaptive cognitions associated with anxiety
overprediction of fear
exaggeration of risks
oversensitivity to threat
what type of therapy is prolonged exposure therapy and what is it
cognitive behavioral therapy
mixing imaginal exposure in therapy
and in vivo (real life) exposure out of therapy
what is virtual reality therapy
exposure to simulated situations to moderate response
what is biofeedback
what is its purpose
when you’re hooked up to sensors
learn your physiological responses to things
what is response prevention
prevented from doing compulsions to make it clear nothing bad will happen if you dont partake in compulsions
what is social skills training
teaches interpersonal skills and assertivness
what are beta blockers (lowers ____ and _____)
what is an example of a beta blockers
what disorder has it has success treating
block beta in the heart to lower epinephrine and lower heart rate
propanolol
PTSD
In America, which groups have lower rates (of diagnosis) of anxiety disorders
ethnic minorities
what is cognitive reconstructing
a method where therapists pinpoint self defeating thoughts and generate rational alternatives someone can use to cope with anxiety provoking situations
another name for the false suffocation alarm theory
(the leading theory of panic attacks)
cognitive biologial model
what are the 2 most common forms of treatment for panic disorder
drugs and cognitive behavioral therapy
what are 3 components of CBT used to treat anxiety disorders
self monitoring
exposure trials
development of coping responses
are social anxiety and acrophobia the same thing
no
what part of the brain may be responsible for irrational fear/anxiety
what part of the brain corrects the irrationality
the amygdala
the prefrontal cortex
who study the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health
health psychologists
what is acculturative stress
pressure that results from the demand placed immigrant, native, and ethnic minority groups
what is psychological hardiness
cluster of traits that help people manage stress
what is positive psychology
the study of optimism
what is adjustment disorder
maladaptive reaction to life event or stressor that develops within 3 months of the onset of the stressor
what is the time frame of someone with acute distress disorder
3 days to 1 month following a traumatic event
