mood disorders Flashcards
what are the 4 depressive mood disorders
major depressive disorder
disruptive mood disregulation disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
what are the 2 bipolar mood disorders
biolar disorder
cyclothymic disorder
what % of Americans are affected by mood disorders a year
7%
what humor is associated with depression
melancholy
what is the most common psychological disorder
depression
what is the problem focused coping style
trying to solve the issue causing distress
what is emotion focused coping style
trying to manage the emotions surrounding the issue causing distress
what is the catecholamine hypothesis of depression
caused by norepinephrine imbalance
what is the indolamine hypothesis of depression
caused by serotonin imbalance
what type of depression medications are linked to working via the placebo effect
SSRIs
what concept is linked to decreased depression among medications that isn’t biological (not placebo)
define the term
self efficacy
feeling as though you have the ability to solve a problem, so it feels more manageable
what is the social theory of depression causation
that stressful circumstances of peoples lives cause depression
what is the congnitive theory of depression causation
maladaptive thought patterns cause depression
what is the diathesis stress model of depression
genetic predisposition for depression
triggering event
outcome of depression
what is the learned helplessness theory of depression
what theory does this tie into
where a person learns the they are not effective in taking control of their own life and over-rely on social support. this causes the person to stop trying to help themselves
cognitive theory/ maladaptive thought pattern
what is attributional style
ways you make attributions of causality
what is locus of control
internal or external attributions of control over a situation
internal: I am the reason for this feeling/outcome
external: something besides me is the reason for this feeling/outcome
what is the most common locus of control for those with depression
external
what is Beck’s cognitive triad theory of depression
how does this manifest
having a negative view of…
oneself
environment
future
manifests as automatic thought patterns
what are the 2 most common treatments for depression
SSRIs and talk therapy
what are the 2 most common types of talk therapy used for depression
cognitive and behavioral
how can seasonal affective disorder be treated (not via talk therapy or SSRIs)
phototherapy
what percent of depression patients would have been excluded from clinical trials
who discovered this
86%
Zimmerman
what is bipolar disorder characterized by
depressive and manic episodes
what is a depressive episode
having similar diagnostic criteria of major depressive disorder
what is a manic episode
how long does it have to be in order to be classified as a manic episode
distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood/ abnormally goal oriented energy
lasting 1 week for most of the day nearly every day (or any duration if hospitalization if needed)
what are 4 interesting DSM5 criteria for major depressive disorder
____ loss
slowing down of _____ and ______ _____
feelings of _____ and _____
diminished ability to _____ leading to ________
significant weight loss or decrease in appetite
slowing down of thought and reduction in physical movement
feeling of worthlessness/ guilt
diminished ability to think or concentrate/ indecisiveness
what are interesting DSM5 criteria for manic episodes
decreased need for _____
more _____ than normal
_____ thoughts
easily _________
decreased need for sleep
more talkative than usual or pleasure to keep talking
flight of ideas/ racing thoughts
distractibility
what is bipolar I
includes one full manic episode
what is bipolar II
includes mostly _______
includes mostly depression with at least one hypomanic episode BUT NO FULL MANIC EPISODE
what are hypomanic episodes
episodes must persist at least 4 days, but are shorter than a full manic episode (lasting at least 1 week)
is bipolar equally common among men and women
yes
how do men usually start a ‘bipolar cycle”
with a manic episode
how do women usually start a “bipolar cycle”
with a depressive episode
what is the suicide attempt rate among those with bipolar
20%
what is the biological aspect surrounding bipolar disorder
____ in the ____ centers
problems in inhibition/disinhibition of the pleasure centers of the brain
who has a particularly high predisposition for developing bipolar disorder
offspring of older fathers
what is a common treatment for those with bipolar disorder
lithium carbonate (a type of salt)
what is the psychodynamic perspective for bipolar disorder
depression is based in mourning loss of someone or something you once had ambivalent (mixed) feelings about
what is interpersonal therapy for treating bipolar disorder
what perspective does it follow
focuses on identifying problems in relationships and unresolved issues
psychodynamic perspective
what is the humanistic perspective for bipolar disorder
problems with _____ _____ and _____ ______
mood disorders occur when people are unable to find meaning and SELF FULFILLMENT
loss of SELF ESTEEM drives continuing problems
what are mood disorders called that aren’t bipolar
unipolar
what is another term for persistent depressive disorder
dysthymia
what is cyclothymic disorder
chromic mood swings that can develop into bipolar
what group attempts suicide the most
what group succeeds the most in suicide
women
men
what is the term for those who have dythsimia and major depression at the same time
double depression
what is cognitive specificity hypothesis
difference disorders are characterized by different automatic thoughts
