stress pt2

Question 1

what 2 diseases are an increased risk if exposed to prenatal stress

Answer 1

cohort of people with increased risk of heart disease and type 2

Question 2

kajante et al 2002 study (stress and birthweight)

Answer 2

421 men born 1924-33
birthweight and size measured
cortisol level mesured up to 70 years
lower birth weight- higher basal cortisol levels in adults

early exposure to stress, programs stress reactivness

Question 3

lee et al 20017 study (rats and effects of prenatal stress)

Answer 3

prenatlly stressed rats,
froze in lights, had difficulties learning and took longer to socialize- increased stress reactivity
amygdala had greater glucorticoid receptors (invloved)

Question 4

plotsky and meany 1993 study (rats and post natal stress)

Answer 4

rats separated early on

as adults, greater glucocrticoid response to stress

Question 5

how does post natal stress impact height

Answer 5

stress in infancy, reduces growth hormones, lower adult height

Question 6

gunnar et al 2001 study (romanian orphanages and cortisol levels)

Answer 6

higher cortisol levels in romnain orphanages for >8 months compared to <4 months and canadian children

Question 7

where is noradrenaline released and imapct

Answer 7

from locus coeruleus
enhances formation and retrieval of memory
acts with adrenaline

Question 8

Nili et al 2010 study (MRI, snakes and brain acitivity)

Answer 8

snake phobias put in mri with snakes

Question 9

vuilleumier et al 2001 study (boxes, faces, houses)

Answer 9

are houses same? with either neutral faces or fearful faces
pts slower at recognising houses with fearful faces
amygdala more active when incidentally viewing fearful faces- triggers stress response

Question 10

how does stress generally affect stress

Answer 10

info encoded in stress, well remembered

especially when info relevant to stressor

Question 11

henckens et al 2010 study (effects of stress, encoding)

Answer 11

fmri study
shown violent or neutral clips and pictures
later asked to remember pics

stressful films- better memory of pics
during stress, lower activity of hippocampus, more focussed on stressor

Question 12

chaill et al 2003 study (stress at consolidation)

Answer 12

cold pressor test
hand in cold water after learning
stress enhances consolidation of emotional pics
not neutral pics

Question 13

trier test study (stress at retrieval)

Answer 13

unexpected 5 min talk
followed by 5 mins maths
memory retrieval during stress impaired

Question 14

what is cognitive appraisal theory, lazarus 1991

Answer 14

people able to cope diff with stress
depends on cog appraisal
primary appraisal- how revelevnt is situation to my needs?
seconadry appraisal- what resources and options do i have for coping

Question 15

what are the 3 types of conflict, lewis 1935

Answer 15

also think about the challenges of stressor
apporach-appraoch conflict
avoidance-avoidance conflict
approch-avoidance conflict

Question 16

define eustress

Answer 16

thrill seeking, postive stress

Question 17

what is triggered and 2 things released with eustress

Answer 17

trigger sympathetic branch
releases adrenaline

release of dopamine- motivation to seek reward

Question 18

schultz 2016 study (monekys and dopamine release)

Answer 18

bell sounds
monkey press lever 10 times and got food 10 seconds later
dopamine neurons show highest activity at sound of bell
as monkey anticipates reward, dopamine release at anticpation