Intro To Brain And Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

5 reasons to study brain and behaviour?

A

Cog neuroscience relates to neural basis of behaviour
Bridges gap between bio sciences and psychology and psychiatry
Understanding neural basis can help distinguish different theories

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2
Q

Mental representation definition

A

The sense which properties outside the world are simulated by simulation

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3
Q

Neural representation definition

A

The way in which properties of outside world manifest themselves in the neural signal

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4
Q

What does dualism claim?

A

Mind and body are separate substances
The soul (mind) controls movement of muscles through influence on pineal body
Eyes send visual info to brain and is examined by soul
When soul decides to act, it tilts pineal body diverting pressurised fluid through nerves and to muscles

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5
Q

Who proved Descartes (dualism) wrong and what did they do?

A

Luigi Galvani
Found electrical stimulation of frogs nerve caused muscle contraction
And so brain didn’t direct fluid
Prompted others to research nature of messages transmitted by nerves and muscle contraction
Results of efforts gave rise to physiology of behaviour

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6
Q

What s the dual aspect theory (in terms of explanation of behaviour)?

A

Mind and body are 2 levels of explanation of the same thing

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7
Q

What is reductionism (in terms if explanation of behaviour)?

A

Mind is eventually explained solely by physical and biological theory

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8
Q

Define generalisation

A

Instances of behaviour as examples of general laws

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9
Q

Define reductionism

A

Complex phenomena explained by smaller simpler ones

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10
Q

What is split brain?

A

Treatment for epilepsy

Split brain down corpus collosum

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11
Q

What is the corpus collosum?

A

Bundle of nerve fibres that connect right and left hemisphere of brain

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12
Q

What 2 researchers were at the forefront of using split brain discoveries?

A

Sperry and Gazzaniga

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13
Q

What was used to test split brain patients?

A

Tachistoscopic presentation
Stim shown to one hemisphere only
For 150ms or less to stop eye movement

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14
Q

If stim is presented to right VF what happens?

A

Verbally answers spoon eg

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15
Q

If stim is presented to left VF what happens?

A

Subject answers “i see nothing”

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16
Q

Which hemisphere controls language production and right side motor control?

A

Left

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17
Q

Which hemisphere is right side motor control controlled?

A

Right

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18
Q

What happens if subject is asked to use left hand to pick up object shown of screen in left VF?

A

Subject choses correct object as right hemisphere can see the spoon and controls the left side of the body, so controls left hand

19
Q

What happens if subject is asked to use right hand to pick object shown to left VF?

A

Can’t chose correct or can due to chance as shown to right hemisphere but doesn’t control right side

20
Q

What happens if SB subject is presented with aroma in right nostril and is asked what they smell and to select object with left hand?

A

Deny smelling anything as perfume in right nostril and speech in left hemisphere, can’t send info
Left hand choses correct object as right nostril goes to right hemisphere which controls left hand

21
Q

Anterior/ rostral =

A

Front

22
Q

Posterior/ caudal=

A

Back

23
Q

Dorsal=

A

Top

24
Q

Ventral=

A

Bottom

25
Q

Lateral=

A

Towards side

26
Q

Medial=

A

Towards middle

27
Q

Ipsilateral=

A

Same side

28
Q

Contralateral=

A

Opposite side

29
Q

What is a traverse section of brain?

A

Right angle to neuraxis

30
Q

What is a sagittal section of brain?

A

Parallel to neuraxis and perpendicular to ground

31
Q

What is a horizontal section of brain?

A

Parallel to ground

32
Q

2 parts of nervous system

A

CNS- central

PNS- peripheral

33
Q

2 parts of CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

34
Q

2 parts of PNS

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous system

35
Q

2 nerves of somatic NS

A

Affront and efferent nerves

36
Q

2 nerves of autonomic NS

A

Afferent and efferent nerves

37
Q

2 parts of autonomic NS that use efferent nerves

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

38
Q

What % of blood and oxygen supply does brain use?

A

20% of blood and 15-20% of oxygen

39
Q

What is the Foramen Magnum in the skull?

A

Hole for passage of spinal cord

40
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater- tough, flexible and outermost layer
Arachnoid- middle layer, like a sheet of cellophane, draped over brain but doesn’t dip into valleys of brain
Pis mater- last layer, adheres to brains surface

41
Q

What is the space between arachnoid and pia mater called and what’s it filled with?

A

The subarachnoid space

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid CSF

42
Q

What are ventricles, what are 4 types and what are they filled with?

A
Set of hollow chambers
Filled with CSF
1. Lateral ventricles 
2. Third ventricles
3. Cerebral aqueduct 
4. Fourth ventricle
43
Q

What is CSF and use?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
Similar to blood plasma
Forms watery cushion for brain

44
Q

What is CSF formed by?

A

Choroid plexus