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PPD SEM 1 and SEM 2 > Stress, illness and coping > Flashcards

Stress, illness and coping Flashcards

1
Q

What is stress?

A
  • situations that average person would see as threatening

- situation exceeding the ability to cope

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2
Q

What is traumatic stress?

A
  • involved real physical threat of injury or death
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3
Q

What is non-traumatic stress?

A
  • threat to social self
  • to identity
  • to self esteem
  • to confidence
    e. g. bereavement
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4
Q

How does stress link to disease?

A
  • people under stress alter behaviour
  • affects health
  • e.g. risky behaviour to cope= smoking, alcohol
  • stress influences perception of symptoms
  • stress increase complaint behaviour so more medical consultations
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5
Q

What is a Stressor?

A
  • external events that may cause stress

- e.g. Life events, daily hassles, chronic Stressors

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6
Q

What is a Stress response?

A

RESPONSES TO STRESS:

  • behavioural
  • emotional
  • cognitive
  • physiological
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7
Q

What is a Strain?

A
  • the effect of stress on a person.
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8
Q

What are the theories of approach to stress?

A
  • GAS (General Adaptation Syndrome)= focuses on the response to stress
  • LIFE CHANGE= stress as a stimulus
  • TRANSACTION= stress as an interaction
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9
Q

How many stages of responses are there in the GAS model?

A
  1. Alarm reaction
    = fight/flight
    = gets body ready to defend against stressor
    e.g. stress of exam
  2. Resistance
    = hyperarousal state
    = body tried to defend/adapt to the stressor
    e.g. revising for exam
3. Exhaustion
= trying to resist stress
= low physiological resources
= causes disease, collapse, death
e.g. get burnt out
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10
Q

What are the negatives of the GAS model?

A
  • model seems like all stresses have the same magnitude e.g milk going off/battery running out/ death
  • doesn;t consider cognitive appraisal of response to stressors

e. g.
- person A knows there is escaped criminal
- person B doesn’t
- both live seperately
- hear noise in the garden
- A= more alert and scared
- B= not alarmed

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11
Q

What is the LIFE CHANGE MODEL?

A
  • looks at stress as a stimulus
  • accumulation of life changing events
  • causes stress
  • affects health
  • count the number of events occured within a time frame
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12
Q

What are examples of stressful life events?

A
  • spouse death
  • divorce
  • marriage
  • retirement
  • new family member
  • changing jobs
  • injury
  • illness
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13
Q

What is the problem with the life change model?

A
  • all stresses are seen as the same

- not all events in life are bad e.g. divorce can be good

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14
Q

What is the transaction model?

A
  • stress as a dynamic interaction
  • between perceived demand of stress and the ability to cope
  • it assumes you have time to think about streses- DOESNT LOOK AT SUDDEN STRESSES
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15
Q

Give an example of stress used in the transaction model?

A
  • exam season= stressful for uni students
  • student who copes by revising will be more confident to pass their exams
  • exams seem less threatening
  • if someone avoids revision/preparation
  • then exam threat increases as they approach
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16
Q

What causes stress in the transaction model?

A
  • perceived stress demand outweighs resources
17
Q

What is the problem with the transaction model?

A
  • doesn’t look at sudden stressors
18
Q

How does one cope with stress?

A
  • coping strategies
  • changes in personality
  • support
19
Q

What is coping?

A
  • changing effort
  • to manage external and internal demands
  • that are exceeding the resources of a person
  • you can reduce demand
  • or increase resources to dampen stress
20
Q

What is coping split into?

A
  • problem based (cope with the stressor)

- emotional based (cope with the reaction to the stressor)

21
Q

What is problem based coping?

A 
- Cognitive
= Goal setting
= Information seeking
= escape
= confront
= problem solving
- Behavioural 
= Pros and cons 
= Time management
= over generalise
= positive reappraisal
22
Q

What is emotional based coping?

A
  • Cognitive
    = Denial
    = repression
    = emotional
- Behavioural 
= Seeking support
= distraction by acivity
= smoking
= alcohol

PPD SEM 1 and SEM 2 (14 decks)

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