Stress as a transaction (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984)

Question 1

Name of model (stress as a transaction)

Answer 1

Transactional Model of Stress and Coping

Question 2

Year of model

Answer 2

1984

Question 3

Inventors of model

Answer 3

Lazarus & Folkman

Question 4

Process

Answer 4

Stressor -> stress (individual vs their cognitive appraisal of event) -> response (coping)

Question 5

Coping

Answer 5

Process by which an individual manages challenges they perceive as stressful along with the emotions associated with them.

Question 6

How does stress arise?

Answer 6

Individuals interact with their environment and stress arises from their continual need to assess their current situation.

Question 7

The emphasis is on the relationship between:

Answer 7

The person

Unique traits

Characteristics of environment

Question 8

Role of cognitive appraisal

Answer 8

Individuals make judgments on the environmental event through cognitive appraisal

Psychological stress emerges from relationship between individual and cognitive appraisal of event

Cognitive appraisal determines if event is successful

Question 9

Primary appraisal

Answer 9

Initial assessment of situation to determine whether situation is a potential threat, challenge or is harmful.

Question 10

Secondary appraisal

Answer 10

Available resources and coping options evaluated to see what can be used to manage the situation.

Question 11

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 11

Goal is to manage emotional reactions to stress.

Will use when a perceived one does not have the resources to effectively respond to, or cope with, the stress.

e.g. meditation, relaxation technique

Question 12

Problem-faced coping

Answer 12

Addressing the root cause of the stress.

Utilised when individuals who believe they have the resources to deal with the stress.

Research solutions, working on a plan to resolve