Stress and health Flashcards
Cortisol release and HPA functioning is not always true for stress, reductionist view
Otovic and Hutchinson 2015
Pickering and Pottinger 1989
Prolonged HPA activation and cortisol release suppresses immune functioning and increases risk of chronic disease
Suggested mortality increase due to an increase in susceptibility
Increased HPA axis activity is linked with osteoporosis, hypertension, Tpe 2 diabetes and illness susceptibility
Lips et al 2009
Fleshner 2005
SNS over activity can lead to heart failure and immunosuppression
PNS overactivity: promotion of bronchoconstriction (asthma) or exaggerated vasodilation and compromised blood circulation
Asthma - increased severity
Wright et al 2000
Bernston 2018
Continuous activation of nervous system impacts other bodily systems, increasing recovery time and decreasing physical health
Particularly gastrointestinal and digestive systems
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the scientific field investigating linkages between brain, behaviour and immune system and the implications of these linkages for physical health and disease
Kemeny & Gruenewald, 1999
Bjorndal 2019
Stressed brain, changes to physical structure of the brain and lead to decreased immune functioning
PNI perspective - stress of surgical removal of tumour can promote tumour metastasis, increased cell-mediated immunity and neuroendocrine mechanisms
Ben-Eliyahu, 2003
Mercado et al 1995
Slower wound healing with increased stress
Increased self-reported worrying is predictive of slower healing time
Christian et al 2006
Schaumer and Renshaw 2018
Masectomy breast reconstruction
Perceived stress and sibjective wound healig - salivary cortisol enzyme immunoassay increased
It is the reduction in T cells and immunity functioning which slow wound healing
Walburn 2018
Baum 1990 (stress definition)
Stress = negative emotional experiences accompanied by biological, psychological and social changes, directed by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects
Stress ecperiences in very early life can alter the responsiveness of the nervous and immune system
Graham et al 2006
Misra et al 2003
Pregnancy is shaped by the very forces which also play a vital role in experiencing stress - psychological, behavioural, environmental and biological forces
Prenatal exposure to stress has been linked with adverse health outcomes and a predisposition to stressors throughout development in later life
Entringer 2013
Endocrine changes related to stress play an essential role in intrauterine development and are likely to produce alterations of structur and function of the brain and peripheral physiological systems of the child
Entringer 2013
Monk 2001
Exposure to stress during development may predispose the baby to emotional problems in later life
Stress has adverse effects on brain development in childhood, and may offer insight into the early life origins of many adult diseases
Garner et al 2012
Malarkey et al 2011
Adverse or stressful events in childhood have been linked with an increase in prevalence of several mental health disorders
Link between role of environment and stressors during childhood development and adverse childhood experiences
Zugman et al 2012
Christian et al 2006
The predispositions to stress throughout development have a significant in adulthood
Decrease in immune functioning
Individuals who experience stress in childhood show a greater stress hormone response to acute stress in adulthood are more likely to spend increased time reacting to stress rather than in a ‘normal’ state - exhaustion
Graham et al 2006
Shields et al 2014
Greater lifetime stress severity and lower levels of forgiveness each predicted worse mental and physical health
Predisposition to negative health behaviours e.g. smoking and alcoholism
Stress adversity inventory: measured individuals’ lifetime exposure to different types of stress and influence on later life
Slavich and Shields 2018
