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Mental health > Stress and anxiety > Flashcards

Stress and anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type A

A

competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, restless

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2
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type B

A

relaxed, easygoing, easily satisfied

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3
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type C

A

introverted, respectful, conforming, compliant, and eager to please

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4
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type D

A

increased negative emotions, pessimism, nonsharing of emotions

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5
Q

What is known as consideration of demands, constraints, resources, and personal goals and beliefs

A

appriasal

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6
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

evaluation of events as s threat, harm, or challenge

–goal relevant? goal consistent with values and beliefs? personal commitment?

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7
Q

What is secondary appraisal?

A

explanation of outcome of events

–what would happen if…??

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8
Q

What are the two factors that determine if a person experiences stress response?

A

Person-environment relationships and appraisal

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9
Q

What do we know about acute stress?

A

leading to physiologic overload which causes negative impact on health

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10
Q

What do we know about chronic stress?

A

clearly linked to negative health outcomes

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11
Q

What is the role of stress in mental health

A

Stress in a transactional process arising from real or perceived internal or external environmental demands that are appraised as threatening or benign

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12
Q

What happens to immune function with chronic stress

A

Immune function goes down

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13
Q

What is allostasis

A

A term used to describe the the dynamic regulatory process that maintains homeostasis through a process of adaptation

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14
Q

___________ is the consequence of the wear and tear on the body and brain that leads to ill health

A

Allostatic load

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15
Q

When the situation is viewed as a challenge the emotions are likely to be…

A

Positive

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16
Q

What are borderline emotions

A

Somewhat ambiguous: hope, compassion, empathy, sympathy, and contentment

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17
Q

What are nonemotions

A

Connote emotional reactions but are too ambiguous to fit into any of the preceding categories: confidence, awe, confusion, and excitement

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18
Q

Deliberate, planned, and psychological effort to manage stressful demands

A

Coping

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19
Q

What are the two types of positive coping

A

Problem focused and emotional focused

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20
Q

What happens in problem focused coping

A

Actually changes the person-environment relationship

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21
Q

What happens in emotion focused coping

A

Changes the meaning of the situation

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22
Q

What is adaption

A

Persons ability to survive and flourish

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23
Q

What are the three important areas adaption affects

A

Health, Psychological well-being, and social functioning

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24
Q

What are the goals for those who are at high risk for stress

A

Recognize the potential for stressful situations and strengthen positive coping skills

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25
Q

Assessment of biologic domain

A

Gender differences, review of systems, physical functioning, and pharmacological assessment

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26
Q

Interventions for biological domain

A

Activities of daily living, nutrition, exercise, relaxation techniques, referral for hypnosis or biofeedback

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27
Q

Assessment of psychological domain

A

Emotions and their severity, how person reacts to emotions, coping strategies (problem and emotion focused)

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28
Q

Interventions for psychological domain

A

Assist patients to develop appropriate problem solving strategies and have patient discuss person-environment situation and develop alternative coping strategies

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29
Q

Assessment of social domain

A

Recent life changes; social network: size and extent of network, functions that network serves, degree of reciprocity between the patient and other network members, degree of interconnectedness

30
Q

Interventions for social domain

A

Facilitation of family functioning, assistance in expanding social network, support of family unit functioning, parent education, family therapy

31
Q

Examples of anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazepines, SSRIs, other antidepressants, beta blockers, barbiturate sedatives, antihistamines

32
Q

Examples of benzodiazepines for anxiolytics? Where do they work?

A

*pam. Alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, clorazepam. They work at gaba receptors

33
Q

Where do SSRIs work? Examples of anxiolytics?

A

Work on serotonin. Can see mood changes. Zoloft, Prozac, citalopram, escitalopram

34
Q

Examples of beta blockers for anxiolytics? What do they do?

A

Propranolol, metoprolol. Slow down sympathetic response, decease HR

35
Q

Example of barbiturate sedative anxiolytic

A

Phenobarbital

36
Q

Example of antihistamine anxiolytic

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

37
Q

Sudden, discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by significant physical and cognitive symptoms

A

Panic attacks

38
Q

When is panic normal? Abnormal?

A

Normal during periods of threat, abnormal when continuously experienced in situations of no real physical or psychological threat

39
Q

What is agoraphobia

A

Fear of open spaces

40
Q

Risk for panic disorder

A

Female, middle aged, low socioeconomic status, widowed/separated/divorced

41
Q

What race has the highest rate of panic disorders

A

Whites

42
Q

How can smoking tobacco be a risk for panic disorder

A

Because nicotine can cause tachycardia and tachypnea which can trigger a panic attack

43
Q

What neurotransmitter do you need more of to calm the body? What does it do when we don’t have enough?

A

Need more serotonin to calm the body. Lack of serotonin will jazz the body

44
Q

Priority care issue with panic disorder

A

Safety because high risk of suicide. People are not thinking clearly when they have a panic attack

45
Q

What medication do we give to stipe a panic attack right away

A

Benzodiazepines

46
Q

Emergency care with panic disorder

A

Stay with the patient, reassure them that you will not leave, give clear, concise directions, assist patient to an environment with minimal stimulation, walk or pace with the client, administer prn anxiolytics, afterward allow patient to vent their feelings

47
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Obsessions are thoughts, compulsions are behaviors. Obsessions are excessive, unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images causing anxiety and distress. They are not under the patients control and are incongruent with the patients usual thought patterns. Compulsions are repeatedly performed behaviors in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions

48
Q

Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Early 20s-mid 30s with symptoms often beginning in childhood

49
Q

What do women have a higher incidence with obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Of checking and cleaning rituals, with onset typically in the early 20s

50
Q

Are men or women more often affected as children?

A

Men

51
Q

Are men most commonly affected by obsessions or compulsions?

A

Obsessions

52
Q

Psychopharmacology for obsessive compulsive disorder

A

Sertaline, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, fluoxetine

53
Q

What is the diagnosis that is used when they can’t exactly figure out what it is

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

54
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Feelings of frustration, disgust with life, demoralization, and hopelessness. Sense of ill-being and uneasiness and fear or imminent disaster

55
Q

What is going on with the sympathetic nervous system with generalized anxiety disorder

A

The sympathetic nervous system is always on alert

56
Q

Is GAD more common in men or women

A

Twice as common in women

57
Q

Most common psychopharmacology for GAD

A

Benzodiazepines

58
Q

Psychopharmacology for GAD

A

Benzodiazepines
Paroxetine, imipramine, venlafaxine
Buspirone (BuSpar)
Beta blockers

59
Q

What is the difference between acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder

A

ASD is short term (within 1 month) disorder r/t experience of major trauma and PTSD is long term disorder (beyond 1 month) r/t experience of major trauma

60
Q

What symptoms may a person with PTSD have

A

Reexperiencing of event through distressing images, thoughts or perceptions; recurrent nightmares; flashbacks; extreme stress on exposure to event or image that resembles traumatic event

61
Q

Risk factors of PTSD

A

Prior diagnosis of ASD; extent, duration, and intensity of trauma; environmental factors

62
Q

Are women or men more likely to experience PTSD

A

Women are twice as likely

63
Q

____% of females and ____% of male veterans are diagnosed with PTSD

A

27% of females and 35% of male veterans

64
Q

What is the treatment of choice for specific phobia

A

Exposure therapy , but anxiolytics may be used for short term relief of anxiety

65
Q

What is the treatment for social phobia

A

SSRIs to reduce social anxiety and phobic avoidance

66
Q

What are dissociative disorders

A

Response to extreme external or internal events or stressors; failure to integrate identity, memory, and consciousness

67
Q

Inability to recall

A

Dissociative amnesia

68
Q

Unexpected travel away from home

A

Dissociative fugue

69
Q

Being detached from ones body

A

Depersonalization disorder

70
Q

What are symptoms of anxiety

A

Increased Herat rate, diaphoresis, tachypnea, chest tightness

Mental health (4 decks)

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