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Stress and anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type A

A

competitive, aggressive, ambitious, impatient, alert, tense, restless

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2
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type B

A

relaxed, easygoing, easily satisfied

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3
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type C

A

introverted, respectful, conforming, compliant, and eager to please

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4
Q

Personality and behavior patterns- Type D

A

increased negative emotions, pessimism, nonsharing of emotions

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5
Q

What is known as consideration of demands, constraints, resources, and personal goals and beliefs

A

appriasal

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6
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

evaluation of events as s threat, harm, or challenge

–goal relevant? goal consistent with values and beliefs? personal commitment?

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7
Q

What is secondary appraisal?

A

explanation of outcome of events

–what would happen if…??

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8
Q

What are the two factors that determine if a person experiences stress response?

A

Person-environment relationships and appraisal

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9
Q

What do we know about acute stress?

A

leading to physiologic overload which causes negative impact on health

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10
Q

What do we know about chronic stress?

A

clearly linked to negative health outcomes

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11
Q

What is the role of stress in mental health

A

Stress in a transactional process arising from real or perceived internal or external environmental demands that are appraised as threatening or benign

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12
Q

What happens to immune function with chronic stress

A

Immune function goes down

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13
Q

What is allostasis

A

A term used to describe the the dynamic regulatory process that maintains homeostasis through a process of adaptation

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14
Q

___________ is the consequence of the wear and tear on the body and brain that leads to ill health

A

Allostatic load

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15
Q

When the situation is viewed as a challenge the emotions are likely to be…

A

Positive

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16
Q

What are borderline emotions

A

Somewhat ambiguous: hope, compassion, empathy, sympathy, and contentment

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17
Q

What are nonemotions

A

Connote emotional reactions but are too ambiguous to fit into any of the preceding categories: confidence, awe, confusion, and excitement

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18
Q

Deliberate, planned, and psychological effort to manage stressful demands

A

Coping

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19
Q

What are the two types of positive coping

A

Problem focused and emotional focused

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20
Q

What happens in problem focused coping

A

Actually changes the person-environment relationship

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21
Q

What happens in emotion focused coping

A

Changes the meaning of the situation

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22
Q

What is adaption

A

Persons ability to survive and flourish

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23
Q

What are the three important areas adaption affects

A

Health, Psychological well-being, and social functioning

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24
Q

What are the goals for those who are at high risk for stress

A

Recognize the potential for stressful situations and strengthen positive coping skills

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25
Assessment of biologic domain
Gender differences, review of systems, physical functioning, and pharmacological assessment
26
Interventions for biological domain
Activities of daily living, nutrition, exercise, relaxation techniques, referral for hypnosis or biofeedback
27
Assessment of psychological domain
Emotions and their severity, how person reacts to emotions, coping strategies (problem and emotion focused)
28
Interventions for psychological domain
Assist patients to develop appropriate problem solving strategies and have patient discuss person-environment situation and develop alternative coping strategies
29
Assessment of social domain
Recent life changes; social network: size and extent of network, functions that network serves, degree of reciprocity between the patient and other network members, degree of interconnectedness
30
Interventions for social domain
Facilitation of family functioning, assistance in expanding social network, support of family unit functioning, parent education, family therapy
31
Examples of anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines, SSRIs, other antidepressants, beta blockers, barbiturate sedatives, antihistamines
32
Examples of benzodiazepines for anxiolytics? Where do they work?
*pam. Alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, clorazepam. They work at gaba receptors
33
Where do SSRIs work? Examples of anxiolytics?
Work on serotonin. Can see mood changes. Zoloft, Prozac, citalopram, escitalopram
34
Examples of beta blockers for anxiolytics? What do they do?
Propranolol, metoprolol. Slow down sympathetic response, decease HR
35
Example of barbiturate sedative anxiolytic
Phenobarbital
36
Example of antihistamine anxiolytic
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
37
Sudden, discrete periods of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by significant physical and cognitive symptoms
Panic attacks
38
When is panic normal? Abnormal?
Normal during periods of threat, abnormal when continuously experienced in situations of no real physical or psychological threat
39
What is agoraphobia
Fear of open spaces
40
Risk for panic disorder
Female, middle aged, low socioeconomic status, widowed/separated/divorced
41
What race has the highest rate of panic disorders
Whites
42
How can smoking tobacco be a risk for panic disorder
Because nicotine can cause tachycardia and tachypnea which can trigger a panic attack
43
What neurotransmitter do you need more of to calm the body? What does it do when we don't have enough?
Need more serotonin to calm the body. Lack of serotonin will jazz the body
44
Priority care issue with panic disorder
Safety because high risk of suicide. People are not thinking clearly when they have a panic attack
45
What medication do we give to stipe a panic attack right away
Benzodiazepines
46
Emergency care with panic disorder
Stay with the patient, reassure them that you will not leave, give clear, concise directions, assist patient to an environment with minimal stimulation, walk or pace with the client, administer prn anxiolytics, afterward allow patient to vent their feelings
47
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessions are thoughts, compulsions are behaviors. Obsessions are excessive, unwanted, intrusive, and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images causing anxiety and distress. They are not under the patients control and are incongruent with the patients usual thought patterns. Compulsions are repeatedly performed behaviors in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions
48
Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Early 20s-mid 30s with symptoms often beginning in childhood
49
What do women have a higher incidence with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Of checking and cleaning rituals, with onset typically in the early 20s
50
Are men or women more often affected as children?
Men
51
Are men most commonly affected by obsessions or compulsions?
Obsessions
52
Psychopharmacology for obsessive compulsive disorder
Sertaline, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, fluoxetine
53
What is the diagnosis that is used when they can't exactly figure out what it is
Generalized anxiety disorder
54
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Feelings of frustration, disgust with life, demoralization, and hopelessness. Sense of ill-being and uneasiness and fear or imminent disaster
55
What is going on with the sympathetic nervous system with generalized anxiety disorder
The sympathetic nervous system is always on alert
56
Is GAD more common in men or women
Twice as common in women
57
Most common psychopharmacology for GAD
Benzodiazepines
58
Psychopharmacology for GAD
Benzodiazepines Paroxetine, imipramine, venlafaxine Buspirone (BuSpar) Beta blockers
59
What is the difference between acute stress disorder and post traumatic stress disorder
ASD is short term (within 1 month) disorder r/t experience of major trauma and PTSD is long term disorder (beyond 1 month) r/t experience of major trauma
60
What symptoms may a person with PTSD have
Reexperiencing of event through distressing images, thoughts or perceptions; recurrent nightmares; flashbacks; extreme stress on exposure to event or image that resembles traumatic event
61
Risk factors of PTSD
Prior diagnosis of ASD; extent, duration, and intensity of trauma; environmental factors
62
Are women or men more likely to experience PTSD
Women are twice as likely
63
____% of females and ____% of male veterans are diagnosed with PTSD
27% of females and 35% of male veterans
64
What is the treatment of choice for specific phobia
Exposure therapy , but anxiolytics may be used for short term relief of anxiety
65
What is the treatment for social phobia
SSRIs to reduce social anxiety and phobic avoidance
66
What are dissociative disorders
Response to extreme external or internal events or stressors; failure to integrate identity, memory, and consciousness
67
Inability to recall
Dissociative amnesia
68
Unexpected travel away from home
Dissociative fugue
69
Being detached from ones body
Depersonalization disorder
70
What are symptoms of anxiety
Increased Herat rate, diaphoresis, tachypnea, chest tightness

Mental health (4 decks)

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