Stress And Adaption

Question 1

Stressors

Answer 1

Are tension producing stimuli operating within or on any system

Question 2

Appraisal

Answer 2

How people interpret the impact of the stressor on themselves or on what is happening in what they are able to do about it

Question 3

Crisis

Answer 3

When stress overwhelms existing coping mechanisms, patients lose emotional balance, and a crisis results.

Question 4

Trauma

Answer 4

If the symptoms of stress persist beyond the duration of the stressor, a person has experienced a trauma.

Question 5

Fight or flight response

Answer 5

Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, prepares a person for action. Functions through negative feedback.

Question 6

What structures control the response of the body to a stressor?

Answer 6

The medulla oblongata, The reticular formation, and the pituitary gland

Question 7

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 7

Located in the lower portion of the brain stem, controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.

Question 8

Parasympathetic

Answer 8

Decreases

Question 9

Sympathetic

Answer 9

Increases

Question 10

Reticular formation

Answer 10

The small cluster of neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, continuously monitors the physiological status of the body through connections with sensory and motor tracts

Question 11

Pituitary gland

Answer 11

A small gland immediately behind the hypothalamus. It produces is necessary for adaption to stress, also regulates the secretion of thyroid, gonadal, and parathyroid hormones.

Question 12

General adaption syndrome (GAS)

Answer 12

Describes how the body response to stressors through the alarm reaction, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage. Is triggered either directly by physical events or indirectly by psychological events. The pituitary gland initiates the GAS.

Question 13

The General adaption syndrome (GAS) stages;

Answer 13

1. Alarm reaction – rising hormone levels result in increased blood volume, blood glucose levels, epinephrine and norepinephrine amounts, heart rate, blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake, and mental alertness, pupils dilate to produce a greater visual field.
2. Resistance stage-The body stabilizes. All returns to normal and the body repairs any damage that had occurred.if stress response is chronically activated allostasis occurs. This chronic arousal causes excessive wear and tear and is called allostatic load, which leads to chronic illness.
3. Exhaustion stage – occurs when the body is no longer able to resist the effects of the stressor and has depleted the energy necessary to maintain adaption. A person’s addiction to the stressors diminishes.

Question 14

Allostatic load

Answer 14

Chronic arousal of stress response with the persistence of powerful hormones causes excessive wear and tear on a person

Question 15

Primary appraisal

Answer 15

Evaluating an event for its personal meaning

Question 16

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 16

If stress is present, focuses on possible coping strategies

Question 17

Coping

Answer 17

The persons effort to manage psychological stress

Question 18

Ego defensive mechanisms

Answer 18

Regulate emotional distress and thus get a person protection from anxiety and stress. Help a person cope with stress indirectly and offer psychological protection from a stressful event.

Question 19

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Answer 19

Begins with a person experiences, witnesses, or is confronted with a Trumatic event in response with intense fear or helplessness

Question 20

Three types of crises:

Answer 20

Maturational or developmental crisis
Situational crisis
Disasters or adventitious crisis

Question 21

The Neuman systems model

Answer 21

Based on the concept of stress and reaction to it. Views the person, family, or community as it constantly changes in response to the environment and stressors and helps explain individual, family, and community response to stressors.

Question 22

Situational factors influencing stress and coping

Answer 22

Arises from personal or family job changes for relocation, adjusting to chronic illness, uncertainty associated with treatment and illness, paying for treatment

Question 23

Maturational factors influencing stress and coping

Answer 23

Stressors Mary with life stage.

Example) adolescent search for identity, old age loss of functions

Question 24

Sociocultural factors influencing stress and coping

Answer 24

Environmental and social stressors lead to developmental problems. Ex) handicapped, abuse, homelessness

Question 25

Health promotion to decrease stress

Answer 25

Regular exercise
Support system
Time management
Guided imaginary in visualization
Progressive muscle relaxation 
Assertiveness training
Journal writing
Stress management in the workplace

Question 26

Stress

Answer 26

And experience to which a person is exposed through a stimulus or stressor. Can be physical, emotional, psychological