Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminal Psychology > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

stress as a stimulus

1/3

A

identifying types of stressful events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stress as a stimulus

2/3

A

identifying situations, people, places, events, time periods that cause more stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stress as a stimulus

3/3

A

we describe these things as ‘stressful’ or ‘stressors’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stress as a response

1/3

A

psychological responses to stress (emotions, behaviours, thoughts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stress as a response

2/3

A

physiological responses to stress (tension, fatigue, sleep disturbance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stress as a response

3/3

A

a strain on our system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stress as a process

1/3

A

situations may be more stressful for some people compared to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stress as a process

2/3

A

some people react more strongly physiologically and psychologically to a certain stressor compared to other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stress as a process

3/3

A

places demands on resources

eg energy, attention and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sources of stress:

jobs (3)

A
  • workload
  • high responsibility but low power
  • physical danger (military, police etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sources of stress:

environment (3)

A
  • congestion/ traffic
  • wildfires (eg wildfires, tornadoes)
  • noise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dimensions of stress:

duration

A

acute (eg exam) vs chronic (living in a war zone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dimensions of stress:

frequency

A

single vs repeated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dimensions of stress

proximity

A

personal vs vicarious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dimensions of stress

intensity

A

hassle (finding a car parking space) vs traumatic (horrifying, risk to life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eustress

A

where stress response enhances functioning: positive response to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

distress

A

where stress response is experienced as a negative: adverse to one’s well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eustress
usefulness
1/3

A

relationships are sources of stress but are essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eustress
usefulness
2/3

A

complete absence of stress is bad for the body eg boredom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

eustress
usefulness
3/3

A

everyone as an optional level of stress eg individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eustress
positive for CJS
1/2

A

solitary confinement- deters repeat offending within prison environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

eustress
positive for CJS
2/2

A

specialist police units- met police specialist firearms command

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

GAS model

A

General Adaptation Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GAS model
overview
1/2

A

understand the impact of chronic stress on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

GAS model
overview
2/2

A

stress is a non-specific response of body to a demand made on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

GAS model

three stages

A
  • alarm stage
  • resistance
  • exhaustion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

GAS model
alarm stage response
1/4

A

first phase: shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

GAS model
alarm stage response
2/4

A

followed rapidly by: counter shock

  • auto nervous system activated with sympathetic nervous system
  • fight or flight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

GAS model
alarm stage response
3/4

A

stress hormones are released (adrenaline and cortisol)- flood body with energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

GAS model
alarm stage response
4/4

A

physical symptoms of anxiety:

  • increased heart rate
  • increased breathing rate
  • muscles tense
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

GAS model
resistance response
1/4

A

body tries to adapt to strains and demands (finding ways to cope with stressor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

GAS model
resistance response
2/4

A

body reaches peak level of response to stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

GAS model
resistance response
3/4

A

body works at increased level of resistance using resources until they run out/ stress ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

GAS model
resistance response
4/4

A

resources deplete (blood glucose levels drop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

GAS model
exhaustion response
1

A

cannot resist anymore as resources have depleted- disease and death are possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

GAS model
exhaustion - damage
1/3

A

psychophysiological disorders may develop (high blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

GAS model
exhaustion response - damage
2/3

A

‘adrenaline wash-out’ sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

GAS model
exhaustion response - damage
3/3

A

risk of heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
overview
1/6

A

stress is discrepancy between environmental demands of resources

40
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
overview
2/6

A

examines interaction between stressful life events and how people cope with them

41
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
overview
3/6

A

understand individual differences

42
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
overview
4/6

A

importance of cognitive appraisal (evaluation of the event)

43
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
overview
5/6

A

primary appraisal- if situation is threatening, harmful, challenging etc

44
Q

transactional model
(Lazarus and Folkman 1984)
6/6

A

secondary appraisal- evaluation of responses to cope with situation

45
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
1/6

A

stress is what happens to a person

46
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
2/6

A

cost of chronic exposure to repeated challenges of stressful experiences

47
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
3/6

A

measurement of how stress impacts each person (who is at risk of GAS)

48
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
4/6

A

tells us what our current health is as well as predicting how our health will be in 3-5 years

49
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
5/6

A

the higher allostatic load, the more damage stress is doing and we need to be concerned

50
Q

allostatic load
(Sterling and Eyer)
overview
6/6

A

chronic stress = overload

51
Q

stress
summary
1/6

A

stress can be positive and negative

52
Q

stress
summary
2/6

A

need to appreciate individualistic nature of stress

53
Q

stress
summary
3/6

A

assessment and intervention programmes need to be designed for the individual

54
Q

stress
summary
4/6

A

need to consider stress in relation to offenders as CJS occupations

55
Q

stress
summary
5/6

A

PTSD raises serious consequences for personnel involved in CJS

56
Q

stress
summary
6/6

A

important to develop treatment programmes for sufferers of PTSD

57
Q

stress
immune system
1/3

A

stress can suppress the immune system

58
Q

stress
immune system
2/3

A

stress depresses release of natural killer cells- difficult to fight illness eg cancer

59
Q

stress
immune system
3/3

A

stress can contribute to heart disease, depression, Alzheimer’s

60
Q

PTSD
overview
1/3 (Andreasen and Black 1996, Wolf and Mosnaim 1990)

A

serious vehicle accidents, witnessing murder/ natural disaster/ terrorist attacks

61
Q

PTSD
overview
2/3 (Friedman and Marsella 1996)

A

“survival guilt” if family/ friends were harmed/ killed by the traumatic event

62
Q

PTSD
overview
3/3 (Zatzick et al 1997)

A

if trauma is severe enough PTSD can remain for years or decades even with the best available treatments

63
Q

extreme stress
symptoms
1

A

numbness, socially unresponsive, oddly unaffected (disassociation)

64
Q

extreme stress
acute stress disorder
1

A

recurrent nightmares, waking flashback of traumatic event, sufferer can believe they are back in the event situation

65
Q

PTSD

Radant et al 2001

A

twin and family studies: PTSD runs in the family - odds increase 5x if a parent has it

66
Q

PTSD

Zaidi and Foy 1994

A

early adverse experiences - eg child abuse may predispose an individual to PTSD if they are sufficiently stressed as adults

67
Q

PTSD
resulted from early events
1/3

A

distinct weakness in individual’s physiological response to stress

68
Q

PTSD
resulted from early events
2/3

A

sufferers show abnormally low levels of cortisol - secreted by the adrenal glands during stress

69
Q

PTSD
resulted from early events
3/3 (Yehuda 1997)

A

low levels of cortisol levels - possible result of early adversity and later vulnerability

70
Q

PTSD

military (Tanielian et al 2008)

A

surveyed 1,965 veterans, 14% had PTSD

71
Q

PTSD

military - risk of PTSD

A

increased risk if: younger at time of trauma, being female, racial minority, lower socioeconomic status

72
Q

PTSD
first responders
1/2

A

emergency service personnel respond to critical incidents, sometimes involving death

73
Q

PTSD
first responders
2/2

A

experience trauma from attending scene/ vicariously from witnesses/ interviews

74
Q

PTSD
police officers
1/4

A

exposed to highly emotional events eg violence/ death etc

75
Q

PTSD
police officers
2/4 (Bowler 2016)

A

common among officers facing unexpected threatening + dangerous events

76
Q

PTSD
police officers
3/4 (Gabarino et al 2013)

A

chronic exposure to stressors in police is associated with physical and mental illness

77
Q

PTSD
police officers
4/4

A

work-related stress may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease eg high blood pressure= heart attack risk

78
Q

PTSD

rape victims

A

35-70%

79
Q

PTSD

physical assault

A

2-58%

80
Q

PTSD

victims of robbery

A

18-28%

81
Q

victimisation: black
consequences
1/3 (McLeod 2015)

A

discrimination can be harmful on psychological and physical health- elevated blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol secretion

82
Q

victimisation: black
consequences
2/3 (Troxel et al 2003)

A

black US women- unfair treatment= high stress levels- narrowing and blocked arteries compared to other black women

83
Q

victimisation: black
consequences
3/3 (pieterse and carter 2007)

A

racism-related stress increases psychological distress for black men

84
Q

victimisation: LGBTQ+
consequences
1/3 (Kegeles et al 2004)

A

stigma-related discrimination and victimisation - characterise lives of LGBTQ+

85
Q

victimisation: LGBTQ+
consequences
2/3 (Rivers 2001)

A

vulnerable- harassment in school, home, work, community settings

86
Q

victimisation: LGBTQ+
consequences
3/3 (Russell and Joyner 2001)

A

adolescents are more likely to attempt and complete suicide than heterosexual adolescents

87
Q

PTSD
prisoners
1/3

A

frequently exposed to violence and traumatic experiences- can lead to PTSD

88
Q

PTSD
prisoners
2/3

A

high rates of exposure to physical, sexual and emotional violence

89
Q

PTSD
prisoners
3/3 (Combs et al 2019)

A

evidence shows high levels of PTSD among prisoners:

  • 78.4% of male inmates
  • 78.1% of female inmates
90
Q

PTSD
prison guards
1/4 (Huckabee et al 1992)

A

prison employees are exposed to unique and powerful stressors

91
Q

PTSD
prison guards
2/4

A

rising number of violent prison inmates + decline in inmates’ fear of punishment

92
Q

PTSD
prison guards
3/4 (Cornelius 1994)

A

problematic inmate behaviour - many guards are manipulated by inmates

93
Q

PTSD
prison guards
4/4 (Buunk et al 1995)

A

lack of discipline among inmates is highly stressful

94
Q

psychological and physiological reactions (Cheek an Miller 1983)

A

psychosomatic illnesses - cardiovascular diseases are most common among prison guards

95
Q

summary of PTSD

1/3

A

stress affects all areas of CJS

96
Q

summary of PTSD

2/3

A

PTSD raises serious consequences for personnel involved in CJS

97
Q

summary of PTSD

3/3

A

important to develop treatment programmes for sufferers of PTSD

Criminal Psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions