Behaviourism Flashcards
classical conditioning
STUDIES
- Pavlov: Pavlov’s Dogs
- Watson: ‘Little Albert’
operant conditioning
STUDIES
- Skinner: Skinner’s Rats
- Thorndike: The Puzzle Box Experiment
positive reinforcement
adding a stimulus- reward
eg receiving praise
negative reinforcement
taking away a stimulus- punishment
eg valuables
positive (aversive) punishment
eg detention
negative punishment
eg valuables taken away
generalisation
classical conditioning
associating fear with other things
discrimination
classical conditioning
different sound to the conditioned sound will not have the same outcome eg Pavlov using a different bell/ sound
extinction
classical conditioning
unlearning response eg ringing bell and not giving dogs food
spontaneous recovery
classical conditioning & operant conditioning
suddenly and spontaneously remember learned behaviour and association and act accordingly
generalisation
operant conditioning
rewarding certain behaviour can be applied to other behaviours eg polite to prison warden might lead to them being polite to other prison officers
discrimination
operant conditioning
might not transfer learning eg prisoner will not be polite to other prisoners
shaping
operant conditioning
shaping the behaviour by rewarding simpler behaviours
partial reinforcement
operant conditioning
using rewards in different ways eg reward every time behaviour is practised, or every other time/ randomly
extinction
operant conditioning
lack of rewards may lead to unlearning behaviour
