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Human Limitation > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Stress

A

is commonly defined as the body’s responses to the demands placed upon it

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2
Q

Stress factor

A

Anything that causes stress is known

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3
Q

Cumulative stress

A

every day with accumulate stress

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4
Q

Different type of stress

A
  • positive

- negative

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

The body constantly strives to maintain physiological equilibrium in spite of varying external conditions and it contains numerous mechanisms to keep the status quo

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6
Q

stress in life

A 
it is required and can be benificial, but high stress level is associated with unpleasant psychological and physiological responses such as:
• Sweating.
• Dry mouth.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• Increased heart rate.
• Anxiety/apprehension.
• Fatigue.
• Fear.
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7
Q

The Stress Model

A

Stress arises from the evaluation individuals make of the demands which they perceive to be placed upon them and the ability they perceive they have to cope

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8
Q

Arousal

A

the measure of the human being’s readiness to respond

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9
Q

Low Arousal

A

Performance is low.
the attentional mechanism is not very active, processing of sensory information is slow and the nervous system is not fully functioning. The individual will have a slow envi scan and may miss information.

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10
Q

optimal arousal level

A

best performance, best response

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11
Q

breaking point

A

it is between the Optimal and High Arousal, it is the point where the performance start to drop coz too much stress

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12
Q

High arousal

A

levels our performance starts to deteriorate, errors are made and information may be missed. We will suffer from a narrowing of attention as we tend to focus on a limited source of data.

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13
Q

General Adoption System

A 
the mechanism by which the individual reacts to an outside real, perceived or anticipated threat
divide in 
- ALARM reaction
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
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14
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

is the trigged of GAS mechanism and it is divided in:
• The Sympathetic branch.
• The Parasympathetic branch.

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15
Q

Sympathetic Branch

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE and its purpose is to prepare the body and mind for immediate physical activity.

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16
Q

Parasympathetic branch

A

prolongs the body’s mobilisation, to give it time to find a solution to the stressful situation, and restores the body to normal functioning when the perceived danger has passed.

17
Q

Alarm Reaction

A

he alarm phase, the brain will start a reaction - depending on past experience - to the
stimulus. it produce Adrenaline that increase the speed reaction, brain capacity…. Sympathetic

18
Q

Resistance

A

Parasympathetic system takes over and prolong the mobilization of the body’s resources to give time to find a solution. A different stress hormone CORTISOL is released which assists the body to quickly convert fats to sugar to maintain the supply of energy to the muscles

19
Q

Exhaustion

A

Occurs over a variable period and will normally affect only specific parts of the body. With rest,
this exhaustion stage is temporary but, if allowed to continue without respite, it can result in death as the defence mechanism completely shuts down. need to eliminate adrenale and cortisol

20
Q

Three Reactions of GAS

A

• Psychological Reaction:
where the brain registers fear, alarm or crisis.
• Psychosomatic Reaction:
during which the brain triggers the release of hormones, adrenaline and sugars into the blood.
• Somatic Reaction:
the responses of the various organs of the body to the hormonal and chemical releases.

21
Q

Category of stress factor

A 
Physiological
Cognitive
Non professional
Imaginary
Organizational
22
Q

Physiological

A

Internal (hunger, fatigue, thirsty)

External(Noise, temperature, vibration)

23
Q

External stress factor

A
  • heat and cold normal is 20% below 15, over 30 start to have “problem”
  • Noise: too much noise, above 90 db will disrupt perf:
    - disrupted concentration
    - degradation of info been recieved
    - increase n° of crew error
  • vibration, any vibration create fatigue resonance of 30/40 Hz interfere with human response
  • low humidity
  • extreme body T
    - rise above 41 ° (43 death(
    - drop below 35° ipotermia
  • cosmic radiation
24
Q

Internal Physiological factor

A 
Pain
Thirst
Fatigue
Lack of sleep
Hunger
25
Q

the stress effect

A

Performance
Health
Behaviour
Cognition

26
Q

stress vs cognition

A
  • regression
  • mental block: its impossible to review what has been done and consider other solutions
  • conformation bias - max prejudice need conformation about our choiche without see possible contradiction
  • loss of situation awarness - lost the contact with reality
27
Q

cognitive stress

A

depend of pilot knoledge, skills and experience

can happens when

  • unexpected and nor present in the procedure
  • when there is the solution for unexpected problem is find but the pilot doesnìt have time to perform, this is call overloaded
  • when the solution is applied but result are not the one expected and the problem is still there
28
Q

the level of cognitive stress depend

A
  • individual charactheristics

- lack of time, is an addition stress factor

29
Q

Non professional/ personal factor

A
  • Bereavement

- Domestic stress(beaware of cultural difference)

30
Q

Immaginary stress

A

Anxiety, panic attack, OCD, PTSD

31
Q

Organization stress

A

High workload
Long term H workload
Roster
relation

32
Q

stress vs performance

A

stress can be good until doesn’t reach the break point

33
Q

stress vs healthy

A

long term of stress call chronical stress can create problem with the health, normal people have gasto problem

34
Q

stress vs behaviour

A

will exhibit restlessness, trembling, or may have a nervous laugh, increase also a risk error

35
Q

copying the stress

A

action - reduce stress by removing the problem/ change situation
cognitive - reduce the stress by use a defense mechanism
repress
denial
rationalization
detachment
sympton directed copying dealing only with sympthon/effect stress -> alchool, drugs, tea but the stress remain

36
Q

Coping with Stress on the Flight Deck

A
  • individualizazion
    • training
    • learning experience
    • preflight
  • crm
    • share task
    • Keep it simple and basic - fly the aircraft.
    • Accept the situation - do not attempt to conceal the facts or danger.
    • Use all crew resources (group support).
    • The captain (unless incapacitated) must make the decisions and control the situation.
    • Never give up
37
Q

Sress Management away Flight Deck

A

preventive and curative

- healthy fitness
- relaxation
- religion
- counselling

Human Limitation (6 decks)

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