Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Selye

A
  • stress is a biological construct
  • adreno cortico enlargement: environmental, transient state, chronic state, physiological, affective, behavioural and cognitive
  • 147 million workers in the EU, 28% complained of stress changing
  • due to a changing nature of work:
  • flexible vs. unflexible
  • new colleagues vs. old colleagues
  • individual differences
  • work technology and shifts
  • unsuccessful coping mechanisms
  • management and stress
  • alarm reaction –> resistance –> exhaustion
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2
Q

Control theory

A

Spector (1998)
- locus of control and actual environmental control
+ job redesign, autonomous work groups, survey feedback and team building
– fine line between control and becoming your own manager

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3
Q

Cybemetic theory

A

Cummings and Cooper (1998)

  • feedback and homeostasis
  • an effort to stabalise
  • threat –> stress –> coping strategies, adjustment and failure
  • cannot predict self motivated behaviour
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4
Q

Three stages of stress

A

Selye (1978)

  1. speed up speech, eating, moving, acting too fast etc
  2. beginning signs and symptoms of stress
  3. chest pains, palpitations, depression and anxiety
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5
Q

Yerkes Dodoson law

A

1978

  • social environment
  • too much, too little
  • achieve optimum
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6
Q

Environmental fit model

A

Caplan (1983)

- how well the person and the job fit together

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7
Q

Cooper, Cooper and Baker (1988)

A
  • occupational elements intrinsic to a job - danger and pressure e.g. a police officer
  • occupational risk of depression - dentist, lawyer, teacher etc
  • role ambiguity - lack of clarity, low self esteem and low self motivation
  • role conflict of job demands
  • burden responsibility
  • lack of social support
  • stressful relationships at work: superiors, colleagues, subordinates etc
  • poor performance appraisal
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8
Q

Cooper occupational stress ratings

A
  • traffic warden
  • teacher
  • police

BUT … lacks validity

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9
Q

Furnham (1992)

A
  • those with negative effect - anxiety, neuroticism and self depreciation are less productive, less job satisfied and more prone to absenteeism
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10
Q

Spector (1982)

A
  • locus of control related to motivation, effort, performance, satisfaction etc
  • type A vs. type B personality
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11
Q

Folkman and Lazarus (1980)

A
  • coping strategies - emotion focused
  • stressed individuals are problem focused, not emotion focused e.g. stressed bus drivers are more likely to have accidents
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12
Q

Richardson and Burke (1991)

A
  • high occupational stress rating

- less satisfaction with negative attitudes about medical health care

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13
Q

Organisational interventions

A
  • improve job content and working environment
  • better time scheduling
  • management development programmes
  • career development responsibility
  • corporate fitness
  • portray job more realistically
  • improve communication
  • improve organisational management development
  • institutionalised occupational health and safety
  • have employee assisted programmes

(worrying about job security may increase stress, programmes are preventative and increase and improve worker awareness, also they improve job redesign)

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14
Q

Individual interventions

A
  • time management training
  • interpersonal skill training
  • promote a realistic image of job
  • work-life balance
  • encourage peer support
  • offer internal coaching and consultation
  • encourage personal career planning
  • offer counselling and psychotherapy
  • offer guidance/ sick leave/ rehabilitation

(diet and exercise releases serotonin, relaxation and medication, cognitive self therapy adapts the way that we conceive a stressor, behaviour therapy overcomes stress by focusing on behaviour)

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15
Q

Richardson et al (2008)

A

cognitive and behavioural programmes were better compared to other types of intervention e.g. relaxation, organisational, multimodal or alternative

  • relaxation is the most frequently used
  • organised interventions are scarce
  • effect size is calculated on self reports
  • validity?
  • programmes are normally offered to white collared jobs, stress may be associated with rule deviance, person= health and well being, organisation= performance)
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16
Q

Kamin (1995)

A
  • Pacific Rim e.g. Japan - known to have ‘sudden death’ - working to death, over identifying with a persons job, normally work at one job forever, perfectionism, workaholic lifestyle, competitive business culture, poor dietary habits
  • absenteeism
  • burnout - meaningless estrangement from goals of organisation, powerless
  • low self efficacy - HR perspective
  • low productivity
17
Q

Friedman et al (1958)

A
  • 49 male accountants, bled biweekly, look at blood clotting time and cholesterol
  • found cholesterol tests correlated with occupational stress
  • no correlation with weight, diet, or exercise
18
Q

Connor and Davidson (2003) Resilience Scale CDRISC

A
  1. personal competence, high standards and tenacity
  2. trust instincts, tolerance or negative effects and strengthening effects of stress
  3. positive acceptance of change
  4. control
  5. spiritual influence