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Psychology > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Participants in Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)

A

24 workers at a Swedish sawmill

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2
Q

Describe the ‘high-risk’ group in Johanssons study

A
  • 14 workers

- machine paced, isolated, very repetitive, highly skilled

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3
Q

Describe the control group in Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)

A
  • 10 cleaners

- work more varied, self paced, more socialising with other workers

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4
Q

How was data collected in Johanssons study? (Work as a cause of stress)

A
  • urine samples to measure stress related hormones (adrenaline)
  • records of stress related illnesses
  • self report about mood, alertness
  • caffeine and nicotine consumption recorded
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5
Q

What were the 3 results for Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)

A
  • high risk group secreted more stress hormones on work days than rest days
  • high risk group secreted more stress hormones that control group
  • high risk group shower higher levels of stress related illness such as headaches
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6
Q

What was the work stressors that lead to physiological arousal in Johanssons study?

A

Repetitiveness, machine-pacing of work, high levels of responsibility

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7
Q

What was the aim of Kanners study?

A

To compare the Hassles and Uplifts scale, and the Berkman Life Events scale as predictors of psychological symptoms of stress

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8
Q

What was the sample in Kanners study?

A
  • 100 people who had previously completed a health survey in 1965
  • from California
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9
Q

How was psychological symptoms of stress assessed in Kanners study?

A
  • Hopkins symptom checklist

- Bradburn morale scale

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10
Q

How long did participants complete the Hassles Rating scale for in Kanners study?

A

9 months

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11
Q

When did participants complete the Berkman Life Events scale in Kanners study?

A

After 10 months

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12
Q

In Kanners study, how often did participants complete the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and the Bradburn Morale Scale and what were they assessing?

A

Every month for 9 months

Psychological symptoms of stress

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13
Q

In Kanners study, what were the results for men?

A

Life events correlated positively with hassles and negatively for uplifts

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14
Q

In Kanners study, what were the results for women?

A

The more life events they reported the more hassles and uplifts they reported

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15
Q

In Kanners study, what did hassles positively correlate with?

A

Psychological symptoms on HSCL

Correlated more positively than life events

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16
Q

What was a conclusion from Kanners study?

A

Hassles are a more powerful predictor of psychological symptoms than life events

17
Q

What was the aim of Geer and Maisels study? (Lack of control as a cause of stress)

A

To see if perceived control or actual control can reduce stress reactions to averse stimuli

18
Q

Who were the participants in Geer and Maisels study?

A

60 undergraduates from New York university

19
Q

Describe group 1 in Geer and Maisels study

A
  • given control over how long images were shown
  • could press button to terminate image
  • told a tone would precede each new image
20
Q

Describe group 2 in Geer and Maisels study

A
  • were warned photos would be 60 seconds apart
  • were told they would see photo for 35 seconds
  • were told 10 second warning tone would precede each photo
  • had no control but were aware of what was happening
21
Q

Describe group 3 in Geer and Maisels study

A
  • given no control

- did not know when photo would be shown/for how long for

22
Q

How was stress levels measured in Geer and Maisels study?

A
  • Galvanic Skin Response machine

- ECG to measure heart rate

23
Q

Which group showed most/least stress in Geer and Maisels study?

A
  • group 2 showed most

- group 1 showed least

24
Q

What was a conclusion for Geer and Maisels study?

A

Having control over your environment can reduce stress responses

25
Q

Aim of Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)

A

To investigate whether work stressors such as repetitiveness, machine-regulated pace of work and high levels responsibility increase stress-related physiological arousal and stress related illness

26
Q

How is the Galvanic Skin Response used to measure physiological symptoms of stress?

A
  • finger grips containing moisture sensors on fingertips
  • changes in moisture level are measured (positive and negative)
  • baseline measurement was taken to see changes
27
Q

What physiological symptoms occur when someone is stressed?

A

Rise in blood pressure
Rise in heart rate
Sweating
Hormones

28
Q

Aim of Michenbaum

A

To compare SIT with standard behavioural systematic desensitisation and a control group on waiting list

29
Q

Participants in Michenbaum

A

21 students aged 17-25

30
Q

Describe the SIT group in Michenbaum

A

Received 8 therapy sessions

Given positive statements to say and relaxation techniques to use in test situations

31
Q

Describe the 3 stages of SIT

A
  1. Conceptualisation - identifying sources of the problem
  2. Skill acquisition and rehearsal - learns new coping skills and practices
  3. Application and follow through
32
Q

Describe systematic desensitisation group in Michenbaums study

A

Given 8 therapy sessions with progressive relaxation training

33
Q

Describe control group in Michenbaums study

A

Were told they were on a waiting list and would receive therapy in the future

34
Q

What did Michenbaums participants complete before being allocated to a group?

A

Test anxiety questionnaire

35
Q

In Michenbaums study, which group performed better on the test anxiety questionnaire after the study?

A

SIT group

36
Q

What was the conclusions for Michenbaums study?

A

SIT is a effective way of reducing anxiety in students and is more effective than behavioural techniques such a systematic desensitisation

37
Q

What was the aim in Budzynski?

A

To see whether biofeedback is an effective method of reducing tension headaches

38
Q

Participants in Budzynski

A

18 participants who replied to any advertisement in a local paper in Colorado

Psychology (5 decks)

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