Stress Flashcards
Participants in Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)
24 workers at a Swedish sawmill
Describe the ‘high-risk’ group in Johanssons study
- 14 workers
- machine paced, isolated, very repetitive, highly skilled
Describe the control group in Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)
- 10 cleaners
- work more varied, self paced, more socialising with other workers
How was data collected in Johanssons study? (Work as a cause of stress)
- urine samples to measure stress related hormones (adrenaline)
- records of stress related illnesses
- self report about mood, alertness
- caffeine and nicotine consumption recorded
What were the 3 results for Johanssons study (work as a cause of stress)
- high risk group secreted more stress hormones on work days than rest days
- high risk group secreted more stress hormones that control group
- high risk group shower higher levels of stress related illness such as headaches
What was the work stressors that lead to physiological arousal in Johanssons study?
Repetitiveness, machine-pacing of work, high levels of responsibility
What was the aim of Kanners study?
To compare the Hassles and Uplifts scale, and the Berkman Life Events scale as predictors of psychological symptoms of stress
What was the sample in Kanners study?
- 100 people who had previously completed a health survey in 1965
- from California
How was psychological symptoms of stress assessed in Kanners study?
- Hopkins symptom checklist
- Bradburn morale scale
How long did participants complete the Hassles Rating scale for in Kanners study?
9 months
When did participants complete the Berkman Life Events scale in Kanners study?
After 10 months
In Kanners study, how often did participants complete the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and the Bradburn Morale Scale and what were they assessing?
Every month for 9 months
Psychological symptoms of stress
In Kanners study, what were the results for men?
Life events correlated positively with hassles and negatively for uplifts
In Kanners study, what were the results for women?
The more life events they reported the more hassles and uplifts they reported
In Kanners study, what did hassles positively correlate with?
Psychological symptoms on HSCL
Correlated more positively than life events
What was a conclusion from Kanners study?
Hassles are a more powerful predictor of psychological symptoms than life events
What was the aim of Geer and Maisels study? (Lack of control as a cause of stress)
To see if perceived control or actual control can reduce stress reactions to averse stimuli
Who were the participants in Geer and Maisels study?
60 undergraduates from New York university
Describe group 1 in Geer and Maisels study
- given control over how long images were shown
- could press button to terminate image
- told a tone would precede each new image
Describe group 2 in Geer and Maisels study
- were warned photos would be 60 seconds apart
- were told they would see photo for 35 seconds
- were told 10 second warning tone would precede each photo
- had no control but were aware of what was happening
Describe group 3 in Geer and Maisels study
- given no control
- did not know when photo would be shown/for how long for
How was stress levels measured in Geer and Maisels study?
- Galvanic Skin Response machine
- ECG to measure heart rate
Which group showed most/least stress in Geer and Maisels study?
- group 2 showed most
- group 1 showed least
What was a conclusion for Geer and Maisels study?
Having control over your environment can reduce stress responses
