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3rd yr- IWB- Stress > stress 2 Impact of stress on health > Flashcards

stress 2 Impact of stress on health Flashcards

1
Q

Name some non dental illnesses aggravated by stress

A
  1. Heart failure
  2. Gastro esophogeal reflux disease
  3. Asthma
  4. Psoriasis, acne
  5. Back problems
  6. Diabetes
  7. depression, anxiety
  8. Irritable bowel syndrome
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2
Q

List some dental conditions aggravated by stress

A
  1. Periodontal disease
  2. Aphthous ulceration
  3. Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis
  4. Temporomandibular joint disorders
  5. Bruxism
  6. Burning mouth syndrome
  7. Recurrent herders labialis
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3
Q

What is Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis characterised by?

A
  1. Gingival necrosis
  2. Ulceration
  3. Pain
  4. Bleeding
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4
Q

What is Temporomandibular joint disorders

A

Tightening of facial or jaw muscle can be associated with bruxism

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5
Q

What is burning mouth syndrome

A

Intra oral burning sensation with no obvious cause

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6
Q

Does stress effect the development of caries

A

No there is no evidence

BUT maladaptive behaviour to cope with stress may influence development of caries

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7
Q

Describe short term stress response

A
  1. Increased heart rate
  2. Increased blood pressure
  3. Bronchioles dilate
  4. Liver converts glycogen to glucose and releases glucose to blood
  5. Blood flow changes reducing digestive system activity and urine output
  6. Increased metabolic rate
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8
Q

Where is stress perceived?

A

The limbic system of the brain

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9
Q

How is short term stressed perceived

A
  1. Perceived in the limbic system
  2. The stress is then conveyed through nerve impulses
  3. These travel through the spinal cord and preganglionic sympathetic fibres
  4. Travels to the adrenal medulla
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10
Q

What happens when stress is detected by the adrenal medulla

A

Secretes amino acid based hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

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11
Q

How is long term stressed perceived

A
  1. Perceived in the limbic system
  2. Hypothalamus releases corticotropin- releasing hormone
  3. These travel to the corticotropin cells of the anterior pituitary
  4. CRH prompts these cells to release adreno corticotropin hormone (ACTH)
  5. ACTH travels through the blood to the adrenal cortex
  6. Prompts adrenal context to secrete steroid hormone
  7. Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids released
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12
Q

What is ACTH?

A

adreno corticotropin hormone

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13
Q

Name the 2 steroids produced by the adrenal cortex in response to long term stress

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids

2. Glucocorticoids

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14
Q

What affect to Mineralocorticoids have?

A
  1. Kidneys retain sodium and water

2. Blood volume and blood pressure rise

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15
Q

What affect to Glucocorticoids have?

A
  1. Proteins and fats converted to glucose or broken down for energy
  2. Blood glucose increases
  3. Immune system suppressed
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16
Q

What is another term for the short term stress response?

A
  1. The neural pathway

2. Sympathetic adrenal medullary pathway (SAM pathway)

17
Q

How quick is the SAM pathway

A

Milliseconds

18
Q

What is another term for the long term stress response?

A
  1. Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA AXIS)
  2. Limbic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (LHPA)
  3. Endocrine pathway
19
Q

When does the HPA axis and endocrine pathway occur

A

ONLY when you are exposed to chronic stress of stress over a long period of time

20
Q

When does the SAM pathway and LHPA axis occur?

A

When you exposed to acute stress

21
Q

What is the difference between the SAM pathway and LHPA axis?

A

LHPA axis is slower

22
Q

When did scientist start studying stress in more detail

A

After WW2

23
Q

What concept did scientist first come up with regarding stress

A

The General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

24
Q

Name the 3 phases of the GAS concept

A
  1. Alarm reaction
  2. Resistance
  3. Exhaustion
25
Q

Describe the alarm reaction phase of the GAS concept

A

Shock then counter shock
The person is thrown into emergency reaction
If successful body balance will be restored

26
Q

Describe the resistance phase of the GAS concept

A

Defence and adaptation is maximised ignorer to co exist with the stress

27
Q

Describe the exhaustion phase of the GAS concept

A

Adaptive responding ceases

Illness or death may follow

28
Q

Give some symptoms and signs of the alarm phase of the GAS concept

A

BP down
Resistance lowered

THEN COUNTER SHOCK:
Stress hormones released
Adrenaline released
HR and BP up 
Preparing for high to flight
29
Q

What does long term stress eventually lead to?

A

Leads to a reduction in immune cells sensitivity to cortisol

30
Q

What does GAS stand for in the GAS concept

A

The General Adaptation Syndrome

31
Q

What is the HPA axis

A

Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (long term stress response)

32
Q

What is the SAM pathway?

A

The sympathetic adrenal medullary pathway (short term stress response)

33
Q

What is the LHPA axis?

A

Limbic Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (long term stress response)

34
Q

What does GAS stand for in the GAS concept

A

The General Adaptation Syndrome

3rd yr- IWB- Stress (3 decks)

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