Stress Flashcards
Physiology of stress
GAS
Three stages - alarm , resistance and exhaustion
Research support - rats have same response to stresses
GAS may not be general - monkeys responses specific
Acute stress -SAM
Chronic stress - HPA
Real application - addisons disease
Cognitive appraisal - depends on how they perceive situations
Role of stress in illness
Immunosuppression
Kiecolt-Glaser’s research
Stress can be protective - Dharbhars rats
Real world application- promote healing
Cardiovascular disorders
Acute stress research ( World Cup)
Chronic stress research ( inter heart)
Direct vs indirect - heart attacks
Research support - 64% more likely
Life changes as a source of stress
What are life changes ? Infrequent
Life changes and illness - + correlation
Rahe et als research - navy
Research support - asthma
Counter point - daily hassles may be better
Individual differences- interpretation
Positive and negative changes - muddled
Daily hassles as source of stress
Daily hassles
Primary and secondary appraisal
Hassles , uplifts and life changes
Kanner et al.s research
Research support - work stress
Counter- retrospective
Individual difference - how people perceive stress
Correlation not causation - depression
Work place stress
Job demands control model
Bosma et al.s research - civil servants
Johansson et al.s research - sawmill
Cultural similarities- American vs Chinese
Counter - more stress in individualistic
Simplistic model - mkre then two factors , eg perception
Control may be stress- self efficacy
Self report for Measuring stress
Self report
SRRS - 43 life changes in LCU
Hassles and uplifts scale - 117 daily hassles , 3 point scale , 135 uplifts
Validity - personal , quantitative data
Counter- general categories ( serious illness)
Contamination effect - mix together cause and effects
Physiological method for measuring stress
Skin conductance response
Other measurements - BP, blood samples , urine samples
Individual differences - labiles and sabiles
Scientific measures - not affected by social desirability bias
Individual differences in stress: personality type
Type A and B
Friedman and Rosenman’s study - WCGS
Type C personality
Dattore et al.s research
Real world application - change
Counter: bias sample (men)
Problems with type A
Contradictory type C evidence- breast cancer
Individual differences in stress: hardiness
Hardiness and 3 Ca
Kobasas research
Maddis research
Real world application - army
Research support - hardy students have lower in stressful task
Counter: poorly defined concept only challenge
Concept too broad - challenge most important
Managing and coping with stress : drug therapy
Benzodiazepines- GABA
Beta blockers - adrenaline has less effects
Research support for BZs
Research support for BBs
- short term relief
Side effects ( breathing problems)
Managing and coping with stress : stress inoculation therapy
Phase-1 conceptualisation
Phase-2 skill acquisition and rehearsal
Phase-3 real world application
Duration of therapy - 9-12
Research support
A demanding therapy- new skills, drip out
Counter: flexible, tailored to client
Slow : not quick fix like drugs
Biofeedback in managing stress
Aims of biofeedback
Training procedure
Davis’s research
Research support-
Counter: no effect on physiological measures
Convenient therapy- cheap and easy
Challenging therapy- motivation and understanding
Gender differences in coping with stress
Gender related coping methods
Infertility
Tend and befriend
Oxytocin
Emotion and problem focus
Research support
Counter: can do both
Retrospective research
Role of support
Types of social support
Cohen et al.s research
Research support
Counter: small benefit for survival
Gender differences
Negative effects
