Cognition and Development Essay Plans Flashcards
Piagets theory of cognitive development
Children and adults think differently
Schema
Motivation in learning - disequilibrium, equilibration
Assimilation and accomodation
Research support - objects down slope
Real world application - discovery learning
Role of others in learning- Vygotsky
Biased sample - university nursery ( intelligent)
Piagets stages of intellectual development
Sensorimotor - object permanence
Pre operational stage - egocentric , fails tests of conservation + class inclusion
Stage of concrete operations - gains skills
Formal operations - adult reasoning
Conservation research - counters
Class inclusion - 5 yo
Egocentrism research - decentre
Counter - wrong timing
Vygotskys theory of cognitive development
Emphasises the importance of others and language in development
Cultural differences - pick up tools from their culture
ZPD - gap
Scaffolding - across ZPD
Support for ZPD - buddy tutors
Support for scaffolding - mothers
Real world application - group work
Counter- in China learn well with lecture style classes
Baillargeons explanation of infant abilities
early research - Piaget
VOE research - rabbit
Baillargeons theory of infant physical reasoning - innate PRS
Validity of VOE - only measures focus on scene
Counter : doesn’t mean understanding
May not be Obj. Permanence - interesting?
universal understanding - innate as there isn’t big cultural differences
Selmans theory of perspective taking -
Concerned with what others are thinking - domain specific
Perspective taking research - holly
Selman’s stages of development
Later developments
Research support for stages
Support for perspective taking
Bullies can perspective take
Too cognitive- parenting style
Theory of mind
What others are thinking
Intentional reasoning in toddlers
False belief task - cupboard
Sally Anne task - naughty Anne
Testing older children and adults- eyes
False belief task - memory
ToM vs perspective taking - may measure PT not ToM
Real world application- autism
Counter : not complete explanation
Mirror mirror system
Discovery of mirror neurons
Mirror neurons and intentions
Mirror neurons and perspective taking
Mirror neurons and evolution
Mirror neurons and autism
Research support - yawning / object being grasped
Hard to research - no standard way of measuring mirror neuron activity
Explaining autism - link between autism and mirror neurons
Counter : inconsistent findings
