Stress

Question 1

Def: a stressor

Answer 1

anything that knocks you out of your homeostatic happy place

Question 2

General Adaptation syndrome: Selye

Answer 2

a common response to all stressors that helps mobilize energy to help defeat the threat

Question 3

General stress response

Answer 3

• increase HR
• increase BP
• increase breathing rate
  -mobilization of energy and movement of energy

Question 4

What turns on the stress system

Answer 4

LOCUS COERULEUS
-startle
AMYGDALA
-threat
DEVIATION FROM HOMEOSTASIS
-turns hypothalamus on directly

Question 5

Stress System: fast response

Answer 5

SAM (Faster, nerves, fight or flight)
-hypothalamus
-sympathetic neurons
-adrenal medulla: Releases epinephrine

Question 6

Stress System: Delayed response

Answer 6

HPA (slower, hormones, releases energy from liver and fat cells)
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-adrenal cortex: releases cortisol - helps mobilize energy

Question 7

What hormone is released from the hypothalamus in the HPA axis

Answer 7

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 8

What hormone is released from the pituitary gland in the HPA axis

Answer 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 9

Exercise as a stressor

Answer 9

-Voluntary
-acute
-short, minor strain
-easy to recover from

Question 10

Psychological stressors

Answer 10

-involuntary
-chronic
-long, major stain
-difficult to recover from

Question 11

The Cross-Stressor Hypothesis

Answer 11

Voluntary exercise stress induces adaptations in the stress system that makes us more resilient to all stressors, even psychological ones

Question 12

Trier Social stress test

Answer 12

-used to induce stress in lab setting
-impromptu speech and math task
-increased SAM and HPA stress response in untrained individuals

Question 13

Nocebo Effect

Answer 13

NEGATIVE EFFECT
-produced by a sham treatment that cannot be attributed to the properties of the treatment itself and therefore, must be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment
-belief that something will be painful, evokes fear

Question 14

Def: Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 14

Excessive and exaggerated worry about everyday events for no apparent reason

Question 15

Def: panic attacks

Answer 15

a sudden and intense fear that triggers a severe physical reaction when there is no real danger or threat

Question 16

Def: Phobia

Answer 16

an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation that may be harmless

Question 17

Def: Social Anxiety

Answer 17

An intense fear of being negatively judged or scrutinized in a social setting even when it’s not true

Question 18

what is the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 18

fear associated stimulus

Question 19

what is the conditioned stimulus

Answer 19

harmless stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response

Question 20

What is the conditioned response

Answer 20

the resulting response once the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Question 21

Fear Conditioning

Answer 21

-how phobias are formed
-Neurons that fire together, wire together

Question 22

Fear Conditioning Paradigm

Answer 22

Step 1: Habituation - CS
Step 2: Acquisition - CS + US …. CR
Step 3: Extinction - CS

Question 23

Are the amygdala and hippocampus necessary for fear conditioning

Answer 23

AMYGDALA
-required for learning fear
HIPPOCAMPUS
- needed for remembering threatening context

Question 24

Context of conditional fear set up

Answer 24

Step 1: habituation
Step 2: Acquisition
Step 3: Extinction
Step 4: Change rooms for 5 min break
Step 5: Reinstate - us
Step 6: Change rooms for 5 min break
Step 7: Recovery cs