Stress Flashcards
Def: a stressor
anything that knocks you out of your homeostatic happy place
General Adaptation syndrome: Selye
a common response to all stressors that helps mobilize energy to help defeat the threat
General stress response
- increase HR
- increase BP
- increase breathing rate
-mobilization of energy and movement of energy
What turns on the stress system
LOCUS COERULEUS
-startle
AMYGDALA
-threat
DEVIATION FROM HOMEOSTASIS
-turns hypothalamus on directly
Stress System: fast response
SAM (Faster, nerves, fight or flight)
-hypothalamus
-sympathetic neurons
-adrenal medulla: Releases epinephrine
Stress System: Delayed response
HPA (slower, hormones, releases energy from liver and fat cells)
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-adrenal cortex: releases cortisol - helps mobilize energy
What hormone is released from the hypothalamus in the HPA axis
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
What hormone is released from the pituitary gland in the HPA axis
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Exercise as a stressor
-Voluntary
-acute
-short, minor strain
-easy to recover from
Psychological stressors
-involuntary
-chronic
-long, major stain
-difficult to recover from
The Cross-Stressor Hypothesis
Voluntary exercise stress induces adaptations in the stress system that makes us more resilient to all stressors, even psychological ones
Trier Social stress test
-used to induce stress in lab setting
-impromptu speech and math task
-increased SAM and HPA stress response in untrained individuals
Nocebo Effect
NEGATIVE EFFECT
-produced by a sham treatment that cannot be attributed to the properties of the treatment itself and therefore, must be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment
-belief that something will be painful, evokes fear
Def: Generalized anxiety disorder
Excessive and exaggerated worry about everyday events for no apparent reason
Def: panic attacks
a sudden and intense fear that triggers a severe physical reaction when there is no real danger or threat
Def: Phobia
an intense fear or aversion to a specific object or situation that may be harmless
Def: Social Anxiety
An intense fear of being negatively judged or scrutinized in a social setting even when it’s not true
what is the unconditioned stimulus
fear associated stimulus
what is the conditioned stimulus
harmless stimulus that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
What is the conditioned response
the resulting response once the conditioned stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus
Fear Conditioning
-how phobias are formed
-Neurons that fire together, wire together
Fear Conditioning Paradigm
Step 1: Habituation - CS
Step 2: Acquisition - CS + US …. CR
Step 3: Extinction - CS
Are the amygdala and hippocampus necessary for fear conditioning
AMYGDALA
-required for learning fear
HIPPOCAMPUS
- needed for remembering threatening context
Context of conditional fear set up
Step 1: habituation
Step 2: Acquisition
Step 3: Extinction
Step 4: Change rooms for 5 min break
Step 5: Reinstate - us
Step 6: Change rooms for 5 min break
Step 7: Recovery cs
