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FMST 238 Part 2 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

stress (4)

A
  • nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it
  • defined culturally, personally, and by gender
  • range from normal to prolonged stress
  • some stress if a motivator, but too much can be debilitating
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2
Q

stressors (4)

A
  • situations or events that cause stress
  • internal (self-generated)
  • relational
  • environmental
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3
Q

psychological hardiness (2)

A
  • people who have a sense of control over their lives; are committed to self, work, relationships, and other values; and do not fear change
  • these people may suffer fewer health consequences from crises or traumas
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4
Q

non-normative stressor events (2)

A
  • unanticipated experiences that place a person or a family in a state of instability and require creative effort to remedy
  • failing a course or forgetting a calculator during an exam
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5
Q

normative stressor events (2)

A
  • anticipated, predict-able developmental changes that occur at certain life intervals
  • applying for classes or finals exams
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6
Q

how stressful are the lives of Canadian workers (2)

A
  • most feel it is a bit stressful (47%)

- the rest either feel like it is high stressful or not stressful (27% each)

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7
Q

what age groups experience the most days of extreme stress (2)

A
  • 18 - 64 years olds

- school and career launching, then family and work promotions, then retirement

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8
Q

effects on COVID-19 on stress 4)

A
  • 25% experienced high stress most days
  • about 50% said stress was worse now than before the pandemic
  • more wished to postpone having children
  • those more stressed included: women, LGBTQ2+ population, and children in the home
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9
Q

what do highly-stressed workers attribute their stress to

A
  • 62% said their main source of stress was work, as opposed to family-related stress
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10
Q

stress sources for highly-stressed workers (5)

A
  • work
  • finances
  • time
  • family
  • personal, other
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11
Q

characteristics of those stressed about work (2)

A
  • well-educated

- white-collar jobs (supervision of others or being supervised)

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12
Q

characteristics of those stressed about finances (2)

A
  • low-skilled jobs

- lower incomes

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13
Q

characteristics of those stressed about time

A
  • children at home
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14
Q

characteristics of those stressed about family matters (2)

A
  • children at home

- women

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15
Q

how does occupation and schedule predict workplace stress (5)

  • self-employed
  • full-time workers
  • rotating shift workers
  • managers
  • primary industry workers
A
  • self-employed report different stressors
  • full-time workers report MORE stress due to demands or hours
  • rotating shift workers worry about accidents
  • managers stress over hours
  • primary industry workers stress about safety
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16
Q

sources of work stress (3)

A
  • work load: too much or too little
  • work responsibilities: conflict, too many
  • work environment: malfunction, coworkers, low pay, no promotions
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17
Q

when is work stress viewed as positive (3)

A

when workers

  • feel dedicated to their job
  • have clear opportunity for personal growth
  • feel valued and supported by their organization
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18
Q

how to men effectively cope in the workplace

A
  • planning and management to deal directly with the source of the pressure/stress
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19
Q

how to women effectively cope in the workplace

A
  • social support seeking; look to others for instrumental and emotional support
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20
Q

burnout symptoms (3)

A
  • emotional exhaustion
  • depersonalization, insensitivity, hostility
  • low feelings of accomplishment or helplessness because efforts seem wasted
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21
Q

perceptions of time in young adults (6)Q

A
  • cutting back of sleep to create more time
  • not accomplishing goals for the day
  • not enough time spent with friends and family
  • constant stress to accomplish more than we can handle
  • feeling trapped in daily routine
  • often feelings of stress when there isn’t enough time
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22
Q

has time stress increased? (5)

A

it has decreased; less people:

  • had no time for fun
  • wanted to slow down
  • were workaholics
  • were concerned about not spending time with family/friends
  • wanted to spend more time alone
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23
Q

elements of workaholic behaviour (3)

A
  • discretionary time spent in work activities
  • think about work when not working
  • work beyond organizational requirements
24
Q

who is a workaholic? (6)

A
  • 27% of population
  • no sex or age difference
  • high income
  • have children (5-18yo)
  • managerial, trades, processing, manufacturing, NOT clerical or office
  • work more than 60 hours/week
25
Q

types of workaholics (3)

A
  • achievement-oriented
  • obsessive-compulsive
  • caught in workaholic lifestyle
26
Q

achievement-oriented workaholic (2)

A
  • want the challenge and enjoy work

- productive, happy, and high self-esteem

27
Q

obsessive-compulsive workaholic (2)

A
  • want to show others your worth

- driven by financial stress

28
Q

caught in workaholic lifestyle

A
  • feel like it is required by society to be dedicated to the job
29
Q

negative consequences of workaholic lifestyle (5)

A
  • worry about lack of family time
  • stress to do more than they can handle
  • feel trapped in daily routine
  • don’t have time for fun
  • health is worse
30
Q

positive consequences of workaholic lifestyle (3)

A
  • satisfied with job & finances
  • achievements are important
  • high self-esteem
31
Q

how do long hours differ from workaholism (3)

A
  • work hours not related to stress, while workaholism is
  • workaholics reported more health complaints, sleep issues, and poor mental health
  • workaholics struggle to psychologically detach from work
32
Q

solutions to limiting work stress (2)

A
  • gain control over work behaviour and develop ways to disengage from work
  • ensure that motivation for work is intrinsic
33
Q

ways to disengage from work (3)

A
  • do some enjoyable non-work activities
  • set a limit of hours to work/day
  • determine reasons why you work a lot and are compulsive about it
34
Q

types of family stressors (3)

A
  • traumatic events
  • life events
  • daily hassles
35
Q

Holmes & Rhae Social Readjustment Rating Scale (3)

A
  • for adults: death of spouse, divorce
  • for young adults: death of a parent, unplanned pregnancy/abortion
  • higher life change score associated with higher chance of illness in the next year
36
Q

what is the most common life event

A

illness or injury of a close friend/family

37
Q

prevalence of life events with 12 month period (3)

A
  • 66% had one event
  • 25% had 2 crises
  • 16% had 3+
38
Q

ABC-X model of family stress (2)

A
  • A: family stressors, B: family resources & social supports, C: family perception, X: family crisis
  • family resources/social support and family perceptions and cognition about the stressors can buffer families
39
Q

ABC-X recovery from stress (X)

A

families undergoing stress can:

  • return to previous level of functioning
  • can reach higher level of functioning
  • can sink to lower level of functioning or experience new stressors; pile up
40
Q

crisis

A
  • event requiring change in normal patterns
41
Q

stress overload (pile-up)

A
  • the more stressors and not having the human and material resources to deal with them can lead to pileup/overload reaction to the stressors
42
Q

ABCD-XYZ model (4)

A
  • emphasizes role of decision making, adaptive coping, and managerial behaviour (Y, Z)
  • inclusion of context illustrates a systems approach (outer circle)
  • ABC-X model is incorporated as the first part of this model
  • show levels of adaptation and resource changes after the crisis is resolved
43
Q

family resiliency (2)

A
  • ability of families to respond and adapt to stressors encountered over the family life course
  • have patterns of successful coping and adaptive behaviours, intrafamily relationships, and family support systems
44
Q

family strengths and coping skills include: (5)

A
  • celebrations
  • hardiness
  • time/routines
  • traditions
  • communication, financial management, health, leisure, support network, etc
45
Q

military families: what relates to life contentment? (2)

A
  • parents better able to use family coping and with greater sense of coherence had greater life contentment
  • spouses whose husbands were deployed longer reported lower level of family coping and sense of coherence; thus, less life contentment
46
Q

body reactions to stress (3)

A
  1. alarm reaction: fight or flight syndrome
  2. resistance: body adapts to demands, but can lead to exhaustion
  3. exhaustion: susceptible to illness
47
Q

fatigue (4)

A
  • insufficient energy; desire to stop, rest, and sleep
  • may/may not be related to stress; may just be a physiological response to working too hard
  • energy imbalance
  • can lead to chronic fatigue syndrome: long-lasting
48
Q

steps to managing stress (5)

A
  1. recognize that you are stressed
  2. identify stressor(s)
  3. identify the reason for the stressor(s)
  4. choose and implement a stress management stategy
  5. evaluate
49
Q

strategies to reduce stress (4)

A
  • diet, exercise, and sleep
  • flotation tanks (epson salts, enclosed tanks, darkness and relaxation)
  • mindfulness
  • shopping
50
Q

tips for better sleep (5)

A
  • keep regular hours and use bedtime routines
  • stay away from stimulants and dim lights before bedtime
  • pay attention to bedroom environment and avoid looking at the clock
  • try not to worry about getting enough sleep
  • if you aren’t asleep after 30 minutes, get up
51
Q

shopping to decrease stress (3)

  • who uses it
  • when and how to use it
A
  • more women than men use it to decrease stress
  • right after the stress to buy what is wanted; didn’t express regret, dissatisfaction, but satisfaction with purchase
  • threshold effect: some expenditure necessary, but very high expenditure is not effective in reducing stress (creates its)
52
Q

how does “counting one’s blessings” help with stress

A
  • telling what you’re grateful for in diary increases well being and reduces the negative effects of daily stress
53
Q

how does self-compassion interventions help with stress (3)

A
  • use to avoid negative self-judgment or feelings of inadequacy
  • encourages being kind to oneself, not overly critical, and to be mindful in the moment
  • one technique: write about a negative experience showing compassion for yourself and don’t be highly critical of oneself
54
Q

campus efforts to alleviate stress (3)

A
  • test anxiety: noise-blocking headphones, anxiety drop-ins, exam accommodations
  • embedded counselors in medical, law facilities
  • “peer connect” programs, mindfulness meditations, and “Paws”
55
Q

what happens when individuals experience excessive stress and fatigue

A
  • they question their life choices and re-evaluate their time use and commitments

FMST 238 Part 2 (6 decks)

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