Stress Flashcards
stress (4)
- nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it
- defined culturally, personally, and by gender
- range from normal to prolonged stress
- some stress if a motivator, but too much can be debilitating
stressors (4)
- situations or events that cause stress
- internal (self-generated)
- relational
- environmental
psychological hardiness (2)
- people who have a sense of control over their lives; are committed to self, work, relationships, and other values; and do not fear change
- these people may suffer fewer health consequences from crises or traumas
non-normative stressor events (2)
- unanticipated experiences that place a person or a family in a state of instability and require creative effort to remedy
- failing a course or forgetting a calculator during an exam
normative stressor events (2)
- anticipated, predict-able developmental changes that occur at certain life intervals
- applying for classes or finals exams
how stressful are the lives of Canadian workers (2)
- most feel it is a bit stressful (47%)
- the rest either feel like it is high stressful or not stressful (27% each)
what age groups experience the most days of extreme stress (2)
- 18 - 64 years olds
- school and career launching, then family and work promotions, then retirement
effects on COVID-19 on stress 4)
- 25% experienced high stress most days
- about 50% said stress was worse now than before the pandemic
- more wished to postpone having children
- those more stressed included: women, LGBTQ2+ population, and children in the home
what do highly-stressed workers attribute their stress to
- 62% said their main source of stress was work, as opposed to family-related stress
stress sources for highly-stressed workers (5)
- work
- finances
- time
- family
- personal, other
characteristics of those stressed about work (2)
- well-educated
- white-collar jobs (supervision of others or being supervised)
characteristics of those stressed about finances (2)
- low-skilled jobs
- lower incomes
characteristics of those stressed about time
- children at home
characteristics of those stressed about family matters (2)
- children at home
- women
how does occupation and schedule predict workplace stress (5)
- self-employed
- full-time workers
- rotating shift workers
- managers
- primary industry workers
- self-employed report different stressors
- full-time workers report MORE stress due to demands or hours
- rotating shift workers worry about accidents
- managers stress over hours
- primary industry workers stress about safety
sources of work stress (3)
- work load: too much or too little
- work responsibilities: conflict, too many
- work environment: malfunction, coworkers, low pay, no promotions
when is work stress viewed as positive (3)
when workers
- feel dedicated to their job
- have clear opportunity for personal growth
- feel valued and supported by their organization
how to men effectively cope in the workplace
- planning and management to deal directly with the source of the pressure/stress
how to women effectively cope in the workplace
- social support seeking; look to others for instrumental and emotional support
burnout symptoms (3)
- emotional exhaustion
- depersonalization, insensitivity, hostility
- low feelings of accomplishment or helplessness because efforts seem wasted
perceptions of time in young adults (6)Q
- cutting back of sleep to create more time
- not accomplishing goals for the day
- not enough time spent with friends and family
- constant stress to accomplish more than we can handle
- feeling trapped in daily routine
- often feelings of stress when there isn’t enough time
has time stress increased? (5)
it has decreased; less people:
- had no time for fun
- wanted to slow down
- were workaholics
- were concerned about not spending time with family/friends
- wanted to spend more time alone
elements of workaholic behaviour (3)
- discretionary time spent in work activities
- think about work when not working
- work beyond organizational requirements
who is a workaholic? (6)
- 27% of population
- no sex or age difference
- high income
- have children (5-18yo)
- managerial, trades, processing, manufacturing, NOT clerical or office
- work more than 60 hours/week
types of workaholics (3)
- achievement-oriented
- obsessive-compulsive
- caught in workaholic lifestyle
achievement-oriented workaholic (2)
- want the challenge and enjoy work
- productive, happy, and high self-esteem
obsessive-compulsive workaholic (2)
- want to show others your worth
- driven by financial stress
caught in workaholic lifestyle
- feel like it is required by society to be dedicated to the job
negative consequences of workaholic lifestyle (5)
- worry about lack of family time
- stress to do more than they can handle
- feel trapped in daily routine
- don’t have time for fun
- health is worse
positive consequences of workaholic lifestyle (3)
- satisfied with job & finances
- achievements are important
- high self-esteem
how do long hours differ from workaholism (3)
- work hours not related to stress, while workaholism is
- workaholics reported more health complaints, sleep issues, and poor mental health
- workaholics struggle to psychologically detach from work
solutions to limiting work stress (2)
- gain control over work behaviour and develop ways to disengage from work
- ensure that motivation for work is intrinsic
ways to disengage from work (3)
- do some enjoyable non-work activities
- set a limit of hours to work/day
- determine reasons why you work a lot and are compulsive about it
types of family stressors (3)
- traumatic events
- life events
- daily hassles
Holmes & Rhae Social Readjustment Rating Scale (3)
- for adults: death of spouse, divorce
- for young adults: death of a parent, unplanned pregnancy/abortion
- higher life change score associated with higher chance of illness in the next year
what is the most common life event
illness or injury of a close friend/family
prevalence of life events with 12 month period (3)
- 66% had one event
- 25% had 2 crises
- 16% had 3+
ABC-X model of family stress (2)
- A: family stressors, B: family resources & social supports, C: family perception, X: family crisis
- family resources/social support and family perceptions and cognition about the stressors can buffer families
ABC-X recovery from stress (X)
families undergoing stress can:
- return to previous level of functioning
- can reach higher level of functioning
- can sink to lower level of functioning or experience new stressors; pile up
crisis
- event requiring change in normal patterns
stress overload (pile-up)
- the more stressors and not having the human and material resources to deal with them can lead to pileup/overload reaction to the stressors
ABCD-XYZ model (4)
- emphasizes role of decision making, adaptive coping, and managerial behaviour (Y, Z)
- inclusion of context illustrates a systems approach (outer circle)
- ABC-X model is incorporated as the first part of this model
- show levels of adaptation and resource changes after the crisis is resolved
family resiliency (2)
- ability of families to respond and adapt to stressors encountered over the family life course
- have patterns of successful coping and adaptive behaviours, intrafamily relationships, and family support systems
family strengths and coping skills include: (5)
- celebrations
- hardiness
- time/routines
- traditions
- communication, financial management, health, leisure, support network, etc
military families: what relates to life contentment? (2)
- parents better able to use family coping and with greater sense of coherence had greater life contentment
- spouses whose husbands were deployed longer reported lower level of family coping and sense of coherence; thus, less life contentment
body reactions to stress (3)
- alarm reaction: fight or flight syndrome
- resistance: body adapts to demands, but can lead to exhaustion
- exhaustion: susceptible to illness
fatigue (4)
- insufficient energy; desire to stop, rest, and sleep
- may/may not be related to stress; may just be a physiological response to working too hard
- energy imbalance
- can lead to chronic fatigue syndrome: long-lasting
steps to managing stress (5)
- recognize that you are stressed
- identify stressor(s)
- identify the reason for the stressor(s)
- choose and implement a stress management stategy
- evaluate
strategies to reduce stress (4)
- diet, exercise, and sleep
- flotation tanks (epson salts, enclosed tanks, darkness and relaxation)
- mindfulness
- shopping
tips for better sleep (5)
- keep regular hours and use bedtime routines
- stay away from stimulants and dim lights before bedtime
- pay attention to bedroom environment and avoid looking at the clock
- try not to worry about getting enough sleep
- if you aren’t asleep after 30 minutes, get up
shopping to decrease stress (3)
- who uses it
- when and how to use it
- more women than men use it to decrease stress
- right after the stress to buy what is wanted; didn’t express regret, dissatisfaction, but satisfaction with purchase
- threshold effect: some expenditure necessary, but very high expenditure is not effective in reducing stress (creates its)
how does “counting one’s blessings” help with stress
- telling what you’re grateful for in diary increases well being and reduces the negative effects of daily stress
how does self-compassion interventions help with stress (3)
- use to avoid negative self-judgment or feelings of inadequacy
- encourages being kind to oneself, not overly critical, and to be mindful in the moment
- one technique: write about a negative experience showing compassion for yourself and don’t be highly critical of oneself
campus efforts to alleviate stress (3)
- test anxiety: noise-blocking headphones, anxiety drop-ins, exam accommodations
- embedded counselors in medical, law facilities
- “peer connect” programs, mindfulness meditations, and “Paws”
what happens when individuals experience excessive stress and fatigue
- they question their life choices and re-evaluate their time use and commitments
