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English > Streetcar- vocab > Flashcards

Streetcar- vocab Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

kinesics

A

Gestures, postures, eye and facial
movements, other body movements due
to feelings and emotions: e.g. trembling.

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2
Q

proxemics

A

Movement in relation to another
character’s personal space: e.g. moving
closer to, further away from.

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3
Q

Haptics

A

Touching another person: e.g. holding,
shaking, kissing.

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4
Q

Face threatening

A

When you attempt to reduce or harm
somebody else’s status.
E.g when Stanley calls Blanche a ‘Canary bird’

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5
Q

Enhancing positive face

A

When other person allows you to maintain a
high status.
E.g when Blanche says to Mitch ‘it’s healthy to pespire’

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6
Q

Protecting negative face

A

When you protect somebody’s negative face,
you are avoiding a direct confrontation.
E.g Stella

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7
Q

Hegemonic masculinity

A

the prevalent view of society about what it is to be masculine: i.e behaviours, appearances, interests etc. that keep men in a dominant power over women.

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8
Q

Hegemonic femininity

A

the prevalent view of society about what it is to be feminine: i.e behaviours, appearances, interests etc. that keep women subordinate to men.

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9
Q

Accommodation theory

A

Developed by linguist Howard Giles, suggests that we adjust our speech to accommodate, or to suit, the other participants in the conversation.

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10
Q

Mutual convergence

A

Occurs when a speaker’s style of speech moves closer to that of another person in order to reduce the social distance between them.

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11
Q

Downwards convergence

A

occurs when a speaker adopts the language characteristics of a person he/she is addressing, who has a perceived lower social status.

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12
Q

Upward convergence

A

happens when a speaker of lower status will attempt to converge towards the language characteristics of a higher status speaker.

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12
Q

Mutual convergence

A

is where both speakers converge to linguistically ‘meet in the middle’.

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13
Q

Divergence

A

speakers’ styles of speech move further apart, increasing social distance.

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13
Q

Grice’s Maxims

A

Maxims of Quality. Be truthful. Only say that for which you have adequate evidence.

Maxims of Quantity. Provide as much information as required.

Maxim of Relation. Be relevant. Don’t answer a question with something not relevant (e.g. Blanche’s silly stories).

Maxims of Manner. Avoid ambiguity. Be clear, brief and orderly.

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14
Q

Smooth speaker switch

A

expected form of conversation, no overlap of speakers

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15
Q

Overlap

A

speakers speaking over each other (often excitedly or due to enthusiasm - generally not maliciously or disrespectfully).

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16
Q

A symbol

A

A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material
object representing something abstract.

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17
Q

Politeness theory

A

According to Brown and Levinson, politeness strategies are developed in order to save the hearer’s “face.”Usually you try to avoid embarrassing the other person, or
making them feel uncomfortable.

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18
Q

Assertives

A

speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of what they are saying, such as a
statement like “I am not married”.

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19
Q

Directives

A

speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a particular action, like requests,
commands and advice. “Don’t forget your homework.”

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20
Q

Commissives

A

speech acts that commit a speaker to doing some future action, e.g. promises and
oaths. “I promise I won’t forget my essay.”

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21
Q

Expressives

A

speech acts that express the speaker’s attitudes and emotions, e.g. congratulations,
excuses and thanks. “I’m really sorry that I forgot my coursework draft.”

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22
Q

Declaratives

A

speech acts that change the reality of the situation, e.g. baptisms or pronouncing
someone husband and wife.

23
Q

Peripeteia

A

reversal of fortune

24
Q

Catharsis

A

A sudden emotional breakdown or climax that involves overwhelming feelings of great sorrow, pity, laughter or any extreme change in emotion that results in the restoration, renewal and revitalization for living

25
Q

Hamartia

A

error committed by tragic hero that leads to their downfall and death

26
Q

Hubris

A

Overbearing pride or presumption, especially towards the gods.
Excess confidence

27
Q

Characteristics of a tragic hero

A

1) nobility
2)hamartia
3)anagnorisis
4)audience must feel dramatic irony for the character

28
Q

Anagnorisis

A

The discovery or recognition that the reversal of fortune was bourght about by the hero’s own actions

29
Q

Locutionary act

A

the performance of an utterance: the actual utterance and its surface meaning

30
Q

Illocutionary act

A

the pragmatic, intended meaning of the utterance; its significance and force in its particular context

31
Q

Perlocutionary act

A

the utterance’s actual effect on the hearer, such as persuading, convincing

32
Q

Realism

A

Characters are believable everyday types etc

33
Q

Naturalism

A

Extreme realism

34
Q

Southern Belle

A

Fabled creature had to conform to social expectations; she was expected to be innocent, childlike, decorous, demure and submissive.

35
Q

Positive politeness

A

Speech intended to avoid offense by highlighting friendliness
E.g ‘It’s been a long time since breakfast, how about some lunch’

36
Q

Adjacency pairs

A

An example of conversational turn-taking. An adjacency pair is composed of two utterances by two speakers one after another.
E.g a question and then an answer

37
Q

Diminutive

A

Shortening of a name, typically used informally

38
Q

Expressionist play

A

A style of writing in which the writer seeks to express the inner world of emotion, rather than the external reality

39
Q

Domestic tragedy

A

A tragedy with a focus on personal affairs often set in a small house hold.

40
Q

Register

A

The formal and informal style of text/speech.
E.g a high or low register

41
Q

Turn taking

A

Standard conversational discourse structure.
Respective turns taken to speak by each participant

42
Q

Expressive locutionary force

A

Speech acts that effect the speakers attitude and emotion

43
Q

Nomenclature

A

A system or set of names or terms for things/people.

44
Q

Term of address

A

A word or phrase used to address or refer to someone or something without using his her or its name

45
Q

Commissive locutionary force

A

Speech that commits teh speaker to doing some future action

46
Q

Paralinguistics

A

Non-lexical features of communication by speech. Can include:
Accent, pitch, volume, speech rate, modulation, and fluency. Some researchers also include certain non-vocal phenomena under the heading of paralanguage: facial expressions, eye movements, hand gestures,

47
Q

Pathos

A

The power of a person, situation, piece of writing or work of art to cause feelings or sadness

48
Q

Negative politeness

A

Politeness strategy based on the speakers minimising imposition of the addressee

Negative politeness is used when speakers know they are impinging on a person’s time or space and want to minimise the potential threat or awkwardness. Negative politeness can be expressed by being indirect, using hedges, minimizing imposition, or apologizing.

49
Q

Assertive locutionary force

A

A speech act which commits the speaker to the truth of what they are saying.
E.g a statement

50
Q

Bald on record

A

Does not attempt to minimise the threat to the hearers face

51
Q

Directive locutionary force

A

speech acts that direct the hearer to take a particular action

52
Q

Topic management

A

The control of the conversation in terms of speaking and topic

53
Q

Topic initiation

A

Refers to the introduction of topics for discussion

54
Q

Naturalism

A

A term often used as a synonym for realism; also view of experience that is often characterised by bleak and pessimistic.

55
Q

Interjection

A

A word thrown into a sentence or conversation

56
Q

What is asymmetry

A

In conversation analysis, asymmetry is an imbalance in the relationship between speaker and hearer(s) as a result of social and institutional factors

57
Q

Social diexis

A

Can be name calling or can just be referring to other people i.e ‘they’

English (4 decks)

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