"Street" or Conventional Crimes

Question 1

What are conventional/street crimes?

Answer 1

They are traditional, illegal or criminal behaviours that most people think of as a crime. (ex. homicide, rape, robbery)

Question 2

Most police reported crime statistics are…

Answer 2

Street crimes

Question 3

What is an assumption made about street/conventional crimes?

Answer 3

There is an assumption that most street crimes are perpetrated by poor and people of the lower class

Question 4

Criminal Homicide includes?

Answer 4

1st and 2nd degree murder, manslaughter, and infanticide

Question 5

What is 1st degree murder?

Answer 5

When the murder is planned and deliberate, when victim is police or prison guard, when murder occurs in connection with offences such as sexual assault or kidnapping

Question 6

What is 2nd degree murder

Answer 6

The murder is not premeditated or planned

Question 7

What is the sentence for 1st and 2nd degree murder in Canada?

Answer 7

25 years - life imprisonment

Question 8

True or False: The accused convicted of 2nd degree murder may not be paroled after 10 years under certain circumstances.

Answer 8

False, they can be paroled under certain circumstances

Question 9

What is manslaughter?

Answer 9

When there is no intent to kill

Question 10

What is involuntary manslaughter?

Answer 10

Unintentional killing as a result of recklessness or gross negligence

Question 11

What is the punishment for manslaughter?

Answer 11

Statutorily, imprisonment for life but often ranges from 4 to 15

Question 12

What can we infer about number of homicides in Canada from 1994 to 2019?

Answer 12

The number of homicides fluctuate a lot but are on the rise

Question 13

What province has the highest homicide rate and what is it?

Answer 13

Nunavut, 20.84 per thousand. Smaller population

Question 14

What province has the lowest homicide rate and what is it?

Answer 14

Prince Edward Island, 0.

Question 15

What is Alberta’s homicide rate?

Answer 15

1.88 per thousand

Question 16

What is Ontario’s homicide rate?

Answer 16

1.86 per thousand but larger population

Question 17

What is the maximum punishment for impaired driving causing death?

Answer 17

14 years in prison

Question 18

What is infanticide?

Answer 18

When a mother by a wilful act or omission she causes the death of her newly-born child. (2 months and younger)

Question 19

The killing of an infant can only be committed by a ______ and must occur _ months and earlier

Answer 19

mother, 2

Question 20

What percentage of children were killed by their parents in Canada?

Answer 20

73% (27/37)

Question 21

How many children were killed by their biological moms?

Answer 21

13

Question 22

What are the 7 characteristics of women who commit infanticide in Canada?

Answer 22

• Likely unmarried
• Under 25
• Socially isolated
• Likely succeeded in hiding the pregnancy from family and friends
• Often give birth alone
• Often have no history of mental illness
• Have trouble in early life

Question 23

What was the case of Westaskiwin?

Answer 23

She killed her baby with a thong. She was initially found guilty of second degree but was then ruled infanticide. She received a 3 year suspended sentence.

Question 24

How many infants were killed by strangers in the US?

Answer 24

3%

Question 25

What is Canada’s firearm related homicide rate?

Answer 25

0.5 per 100,000

Question 26

Robbery is defined as:

Answer 26

Taking or attempting to take the property of another, with the intent to permanently deprive the person of that property by means of force of fear

Question 27

Robbery is theft accomplished by …

Answer 27

Assault

Question 28

What is the max penalty for robbery?

Answer 28

Life imprisonment

Question 29

What is the minimum sentence for a conviction of robbery with a firearm

Answer 29

5 years

Question 30

Between 2014 and 2015, the rate of motor theft in Canada ________ then it ________ between 2015 and 2016

Answer 30

Increased 6%, the decreased by 1%

Question 31

Where do most violent incidents take place in Canada? And when?

Answer 31

Bars, restaurants, malls, schools, Private residences, streets, parks

Summer months & December the evenings

Question 32

What are 2 categories of sentence determinants of street crime?

Answer 32

Aggravating Factors and Mitigating Factors

Question 33

Aggravating Factors

Answer 33

Those facts of the crime, the defendant or the victim, that tend to make the crime more serious, and thus more deserving of a harsher sentence.

Question 34

Mitigating Factors

Answer 34

Tend to reduce sentences, show that the defendant poses less risk to society than they would otherwise.

Typically includes lack of a criminal history and the defendants acceptance of responsibility for the crime

Question 35

What is RAT

Answer 35

Routine activity theory

Question 36

What does selective incapacitation mean?

Answer 36

It means giving very long sentences to dangerous offenders

Question 37

What factors does the length of incapacitation of a street crime depend on?

Answer 37

1. The severity of the crime
2. Whether the person is a first time offender or repeat offender
3. How much danger the offender poses to the public or community if released

Question 38

The demerits of selective incapacitation includes:

Answer 38

1. The risk of false positives: identifying (and incarcerating) an offender as dangerous when s/he is not
2. Promotes/ encourages discretionary application of the law by the judges

Question 39

What is one of the harshest selective incapacitation laws?

Answer 39

California’s three strikes’ law