stream restoration Flashcards

1
Q

What can streams be an indicator of?

A

Watershed health

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2
Q

Why are streams a cheap way to deal with waste?

A

Runoff from septic/sewage systems + agriculture leads to eutropication–> excess nutrients
creates anoxic conditions because of anaerobic decomposition

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3
Q

how does BC logging contribute to erosion?

A

Removal of vegetation and CWD
removal of roots
compaction of soils

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4
Q

Why are fish a main target?

A

salmonidae habitats are extremely important to BC. Most viable commercial and recreational fisheries in canada
important component of the food web,
integral to first nations culture and and indicator species for healthy environments

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5
Q

WHat are some habitat requirements for salmonids?

A

1) rearing (feeding, growing, threat avoidance)
2)Spawning
3) Egg incubation
different species at different life stages prefer specific habitat units : pools riffles glides and cascades

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6
Q

examples of specific habitats?

A

Juvinile coho–>pools
Juvenile steelhead–> riffles
Junior dolly varden–> transition b/w pools riffles

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7
Q

How do you identify the most important habitat component to enhance?

A

try to identify the freshwater life stage that is most limiting to adult population growth

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8
Q

What are some stream restoration techniques

A

work must be done in work window (july-september) to minimize harm to fish
-creating engineered hydraulic and habitat complexity (LWD)

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9
Q

What does removing debris jams do?

A

increase stream flow to flush sediment wedges.

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10
Q

What are cross vanes? what do they do?

A

Also known as W-weirs and J-hook vanes
They reduce the velocity and energy near the stream bank through grade control and redirecting flow to the centre of the stream

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11
Q

What is a riparian zone?

A

Area of forest and stream interaction, essential for both healthy forest and stream ecosystems
can provide bank stability, shade, protection from flood events, and large woody debris make riparion zones essential for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms

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12
Q

What practice significantly alters riparian zones?

A

Logging.

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13
Q

What are some riparian restoration techniques?

A

Silviculture treatments aimed to enhance development of old growth attributes
-creat a coniferous-deciduous mixed zone

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14
Q

What are the 5 Riparian vegetation type classifications?

A
  1. brush sites, understocked with conifers
  2. Overstocked with conifers
  3. deciduous forest over top of conifer understory
  4. deciduous dominate forest with poor conifer understory
  5. old growth forests
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15
Q

What is an objective for RVT 1.

A

Increase long term woody debris and bank stability by increasing conifer component and rooting structure

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16
Q

What is an objective for RVT 2.

A

Provide conifers with more growing space, therefore increasing rate at which LWD will be produced

17
Q

What is an objective for RVT 3.

A

Enhance conifer growth by reducing light competition

18
Q

What is an objective for RVT 4.

A

Increase conifer component and bank stability

19
Q

What is stream competance?

A

The heaviest particle a stream can carry, depends on stream velocity

20
Q

What is stream capacity?

A

The maximum sediment load a stream can carry–depends on velocity

21
Q

What is aggradation?

A

When the level of the streambed is raised and the river becomes shallower due to sediment deposition.
to counteract this, the sediment source must be decreased.