Strategy Flashcards
What did the governments do when they discovered there was trouble?
Held talks between the monarch and a select group of councillors to decide on the best course of action
What did Henry VII do and in what rebellion did he do this?
Consulted one or more of his most trusted household servants and convened a meeting of nobles in a Great Council
Simnel in 1487
What did Henry VIII do?
Left the strategy of combatting rebellion to his council and principal ministers
What criticism was levelled against the Duke of Somerset?
That he didn’t regularly consult or heed the advice of the privy council
What did Mary and Elizabeth rely on?
Their secretaries and councillors to determine the strategy and suppression of rebellions
What did Mary receive?
Conflicting advice during Wyatt’s revolt
The council began to panic. Some suggested that they should enlist the help of imperial troops, while Gardiner urged Mary to leave the city
What did Henry VIII do during the POG regarding information gathering?
When he heard that Sawley Abbey had been reoccupied by monks, he wrote to the Earl of Derby to order executions, without appreciating that the earl was in no position to carry out the order
What happened in the Western rebellion regarding information gathering?
The Duke of Somerset had to rely on out-of-date reports
On 26 June he wrote to the Devon JPs that they should persuade the ringleaders to return home or try to prevent a large assembly from gathering and raise troops from the local gentry
What did Somerset not know?
That three JPs had tried and failed to reason with the rebels
Most local gentry had joined the rebellion
The size of the rebellion had exceeded 6000
The Cornish and Devon protestors had joined forces
What did most of the Tudors do?
Employ spies, secret agents, and informers to find out what was happening and to forward intelligence reports
Who did Elizabeth I rely on and why?
Sir Francis Walsingham’s gathering of intelligence
He employed over 50 agents at home and overseas
What did Henry VII’s agents do?
Tracked rebels who had escaped from the Battle of Bosworth
Agents followed the Stafford brothers and Lovel when they fled to Worcester and Yorkshire
What did Henry VII have and give an example:
An extensive network of spies in Europe kept him informed of the pretenders’ whereabouts and who their supporters were
Sir Edward Brampton in Flanders and Sir Robert Clifford, who infiltrated Yorkist circles, supplied the king with information about Warbeck
What was due to secret intelligence in 1495?
That Henry discovered the treason of Sir William Stanley and arrested him
What did Henry VII impose on suspected rebels?
Bonds of alleigance
Conditions that obliged them to inform the council if they heard any seditious information
What occurred in Suffolk in 1525 regarding the Amicable Grant rising?
The dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk assumed command and successfully dealt with the rebellion as it was in the nobles’ interest to contain the unrest
What happened in the Lincolnshire rising on 5 October 1536?
Henry VIII commanded Lord Hussey to raise his tenants and deal with the rising but was alarmed to discover that he had fled to Nottingham
The dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk suppressed the rising and the earls of Huntingdon and Shrewsbury were requested to stand by
What did the Duke of Somerset do at first in 1549 and why was this a problem?
Considered the disturbances in Devon and Cornwall to be an isolated incident that could be dealt with locally
There was an absence of a powerful privy councillor and major landowner
What was the situation with Lord John Russell and Sir John Arundell and so who became responsible for dealing with the rebellion?
LJR spent most of his time in London
SJA was out of favour with the Protestant regime
Those not strong enough to contain the rebellion (sheriffs, JPs, and local mayors)
What did the Duke of Somerset decide to do but why was this a problem?
Send Sir Peter Carew to persuade the rebels to disperse
Carew was impetuous, lacked diplomacy, and was a devout Protestant
Burning of barns led to the rebels believing that the gentry intended to ‘spoil and destroy them’
What was the problem in gaining the support of the nobility to deal with Kett’s rebellion?
No resident privy councillor in Norfolk
The Howard family was in disgrace
None of the leading gentry was prepared to take a stand against the rebels
Sir Edmund Wyndham had no troops
What had the Elizabethan council done in 1595?
Alerted all sheriffs, lords lieutenant, and JPs of probable food riots and told them to be on the lookout for gangs
Informed the gentry of a possible plot to attack Sir Henry Norris’s house
How many men were arrested before the 1596 revolt gathered momentum?
4
What did the privy council do before Essex’s rebellion of 1601?
The sheriff and Lord Mayor of London ordered the closure of the city gates and heavy artillery from the Tower was prepared
What did Henry VII do?
Appointed Sir Giles Daubeny to lead his forces against Simnel, the Cornish rebels, and Warbeck
Was present in the field or heading towards the rebels’ camp when they dispersed
Who was sent to apprehend Lovel in 1486 and why?
Sir Richard Edgecombe, Controller of the Household, and Sir William Tyler, Keeper of the Jewels
Henry VII only relied with certainty on his closest advisers
What was issued in 1496?
Commissions of array
Who did Henry VII rely on to deal with Simnel?
Nobles who had fought with him at Bosworth and trustworthy ex-Ricardians, including the earls of Northumberland, Oxford, and Derby
What happened when Yorkshire broke into revolt in 1489 and the Earl of Northumberland was murdered?
Henry VII assembled a force and the rebels fled as the royal army approached York
How did Henry VII deal with the Cornish rebellion at first?
Expected the leading families to deal with it as his attention was directed towards Scotland and Warbeck
A royal army was heading north
What alarmed Henry VII and what did he then do?
News that the Cornish had been able to pass through several counties without resistance
Moved to Wallingford before gathering troops at Henley
Recalled Daubeny
Wrote to Edmund de la Pole, Rhys ap Thomas, and the Earl of Norfolk to raise as many men as possible
How did the Tudors deal with Ireland at first?
The council in Dublin received its instructions from London
Military aid might come from England
What was the problem with the Lord Deputy?
Had no JPs and only a sheriff and local nobles to call on, and they were not always willing to help
Rarely had sufficient resources
What was there never enough regarding garrisons?
Troops to deal with rebellions if they broke out in different provinces
Until 1534, there was a small garrison of 700 troops. Reached 2000 in the 1570s
What was the principal strategy?
Defend English interests and areas under English rule and play for time
What did Elizabeth prefer and give an example:
Diplomacy to military solutions
Recognised O’Neill as the captain of Tyrone and Lord of Tyrconnel. Acknowledged him as ‘the O’Neill’, ignoring the advice of Sussex
What did Elizabeth do in 1566?
Abandon her attempts to reconcile O’Neill and turned to a military solution
