Strategy

Question 1

What did the governments do when they discovered there was trouble?

Answer 1

Held talks between the monarch and a select group of councillors to decide on the best course of action

Question 2

What did Henry VII do and in what rebellion did he do this?

Answer 2

Consulted one or more of his most trusted household servants and convened a meeting of nobles in a Great Council

Simnel in 1487

Question 3

What did Henry VIII do?

Answer 3

Left the strategy of combatting rebellion to his council and principal ministers

Question 4

What criticism was levelled against the Duke of Somerset?

Answer 4

That he didn’t regularly consult or heed the advice of the privy council

Question 5

What did Mary and Elizabeth rely on?

Answer 5

Their secretaries and councillors to determine the strategy and suppression of rebellions

Question 6

What did Mary receive?

Answer 6

Conflicting advice during Wyatt’s revolt

The council began to panic. Some suggested that they should enlist the help of imperial troops, while Gardiner urged Mary to leave the city

Question 7

What did Henry VIII do during the POG regarding information gathering?

Answer 7

When he heard that Sawley Abbey had been reoccupied by monks, he wrote to the Earl of Derby to order executions, without appreciating that the earl was in no position to carry out the order

Question 8

What happened in the Western rebellion regarding information gathering?

Answer 8

The Duke of Somerset had to rely on out-of-date reports

On 26 June he wrote to the Devon JPs that they should persuade the ringleaders to return home or try to prevent a large assembly from gathering and raise troops from the local gentry

Question 9

What did Somerset not know?

Answer 9

That three JPs had tried and failed to reason with the rebels

Most local gentry had joined the rebellion

The size of the rebellion had exceeded 6000

The Cornish and Devon protestors had joined forces

Question 10

What did most of the Tudors do?

Answer 10

Employ spies, secret agents, and informers to find out what was happening and to forward intelligence reports

Question 10

Who did Elizabeth I rely on and why?

Answer 10

Sir Francis Walsingham’s gathering of intelligence

He employed over 50 agents at home and overseas

Question 11

What did Henry VII’s agents do?

Answer 11

Tracked rebels who had escaped from the Battle of Bosworth

Agents followed the Stafford brothers and Lovel when they fled to Worcester and Yorkshire

Question 12

What did Henry VII have and give an example:

Answer 12

An extensive network of spies in Europe kept him informed of the pretenders’ whereabouts and who their supporters were

Sir Edward Brampton in Flanders and Sir Robert Clifford, who infiltrated Yorkist circles, supplied the king with information about Warbeck

Question 13

What was due to secret intelligence in 1495?

Answer 13

That Henry discovered the treason of Sir William Stanley and arrested him

Question 14

What did Henry VII impose on suspected rebels?

Answer 14

Bonds of alleigance

Conditions that obliged them to inform the council if they heard any seditious information

Question 15

What occurred in Suffolk in 1525 regarding the Amicable Grant rising?

Answer 15

The dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk assumed command and successfully dealt with the rebellion as it was in the nobles’ interest to contain the unrest

Question 16

What happened in the Lincolnshire rising on 5 October 1536?

Answer 16

Henry VIII commanded Lord Hussey to raise his tenants and deal with the rising but was alarmed to discover that he had fled to Nottingham

The dukes of Suffolk and Norfolk suppressed the rising and the earls of Huntingdon and Shrewsbury were requested to stand by

Question 17

What did the Duke of Somerset do at first in 1549 and why was this a problem?

Answer 17

Considered the disturbances in Devon and Cornwall to be an isolated incident that could be dealt with locally

There was an absence of a powerful privy councillor and major landowner

Question 18

What was the situation with Lord John Russell and Sir John Arundell and so who became responsible for dealing with the rebellion?

Answer 18

LJR spent most of his time in London

SJA was out of favour with the Protestant regime

Those not strong enough to contain the rebellion (sheriffs, JPs, and local mayors)

Question 19

What did the Duke of Somerset decide to do but why was this a problem?

Answer 19

Send Sir Peter Carew to persuade the rebels to disperse

Carew was impetuous, lacked diplomacy, and was a devout Protestant

Burning of barns led to the rebels believing that the gentry intended to ‘spoil and destroy them’

Question 20

What was the problem in gaining the support of the nobility to deal with Kett’s rebellion?

Answer 20

No resident privy councillor in Norfolk

The Howard family was in disgrace

None of the leading gentry was prepared to take a stand against the rebels

Sir Edmund Wyndham had no troops

Question 21

What had the Elizabethan council done in 1595?

Answer 21

Alerted all sheriffs, lords lieutenant, and JPs of probable food riots and told them to be on the lookout for gangs

Informed the gentry of a possible plot to attack Sir Henry Norris’s house

Question 22

How many men were arrested before the 1596 revolt gathered momentum?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What did the privy council do before Essex’s rebellion of 1601?

Answer 23

The sheriff and Lord Mayor of London ordered the closure of the city gates and heavy artillery from the Tower was prepared

Question 24

What did Henry VII do?

Answer 24

Appointed Sir Giles Daubeny to lead his forces against Simnel, the Cornish rebels, and Warbeck

Was present in the field or heading towards the rebels’ camp when they dispersed

Question 25

Who was sent to apprehend Lovel in 1486 and why?

Answer 25

Sir Richard Edgecombe, Controller of the Household, and Sir William Tyler, Keeper of the Jewels

Henry VII only relied with certainty on his closest advisers

Question 26

What was issued in 1496?

Answer 26

Commissions of array

Question 27

Who did Henry VII rely on to deal with Simnel?

Answer 27

Nobles who had fought with him at Bosworth and trustworthy ex-Ricardians, including the earls of Northumberland, Oxford, and Derby

Question 28

What happened when Yorkshire broke into revolt in 1489 and the Earl of Northumberland was murdered?

Answer 28

Henry VII assembled a force and the rebels fled as the royal army approached York

Question 29

How did Henry VII deal with the Cornish rebellion at first?

Answer 29

Expected the leading families to deal with it as his attention was directed towards Scotland and Warbeck

A royal army was heading north

Question 30

What alarmed Henry VII and what did he then do?

Answer 30

News that the Cornish had been able to pass through several counties without resistance

Moved to Wallingford before gathering troops at Henley

Recalled Daubeny

Wrote to Edmund de la Pole, Rhys ap Thomas, and the Earl of Norfolk to raise as many men as possible

Question 31

How did the Tudors deal with Ireland at first?

Answer 31

The council in Dublin received its instructions from London

Military aid might come from England

Question 32

What was the problem with the Lord Deputy?

Answer 32

Had no JPs and only a sheriff and local nobles to call on, and they were not always willing to help

Rarely had sufficient resources

Question 33

What was there never enough regarding garrisons?

Answer 33

Troops to deal with rebellions if they broke out in different provinces

Until 1534, there was a small garrison of 700 troops. Reached 2000 in the 1570s

Question 34

What was the principal strategy?

Answer 34

Defend English interests and areas under English rule and play for time

Question 35

What did Elizabeth prefer and give an example:

Answer 35

Diplomacy to military solutions

Recognised O’Neill as the captain of Tyrone and Lord of Tyrconnel. Acknowledged him as ‘the O’Neill’, ignoring the advice of Sussex

Question 36

What did Elizabeth do in 1566?

Answer 36

Abandon her attempts to reconcile O’Neill and turned to a military solution