Measures taken to strenghten royal authority Flashcards
In 1487 what happened following Simnel’s rebellion?
The Star Chamber Act established additional legal powers to deal with nobles who disturbed the king’s peace
An Act of Livery and Maintenance attempted to restrict the number of servants retained by lords and used as private armies
In the aftermath of the Yorkshire revolt in 1489, what happened?
Surrey was appointed Lieutenant of the Council of the North
Lands that had belonged to Northumberland were transferred to the Crown
How many families held their land by knight service to the king following Yorkshire?
30
What did Henry do in some of the more disaffected areas?
Built up close ties with county families as he preferred to travel throughout his realm
What happened to Suffolk and his supporters?
Imprisoned in the Tower as he appeared to have been conspiring against the king between 1501 and 1506
51 attainders were issues to suppress Suffolk’s supporters and strengthen the Crown
What did Henry VIII and Cromwell do following the POG?
Decided to reform the Council of the North and administration of the marches
What happened in June 1537?
The Earl of Northumberland, who had held the east and middle marches, died
What happened to the Earl of Cumberland?
His wardenship of the west march was taken from him
He was made a Knight of the Garter
What was another major reform during Henry VIII’s reign?
The appointment of local lesser gentry as deputy wardens while he assumed overall responsibility for the marches
What happened in the commissions of peace between 1536 and 1539?
Purged the bench of magistrates who had shown sympathy to the rebels or in whom he no longer had total confidence
Why was no disciplinary action taken against nobles like Lord Scrope of Bolton and John Lord Lumley?
It wasn’t Henry’s attention to destabilise the north and he needed noble families to enforce his rule
He reminded the men ‘we will not be bound of a necessity to be served with Lords’
What had Henry VIII promised?
That a parliament would meet in the north, but it never did
How did Henry VIII strengthen his political hold through reforms to the Council of the North?
Judicial and administrative functions were expanded and all JPs and sheriffs were to take orders directly from it, enhancing its power to act quickly
How was membership of the Council of the North reformed?
Tunstall, Bishop of Durham was made president
Senior nobles were encouraged to attend
Ellerker, Bowes, and Tempest were included, and none acted disloyally again
What was an important legacy of the Northern Earls’ rebellion?
Reforms to the county militia, commissions of the peace, and Council of the North
From 1569 what happened?
All parishes were ordered to keep a list of men who were eligible for military service, and parishes were instructed to improve the quality and size of the county muster
What happened in 1573?
Better training for the militia was announced
What reforms were there to the Council of the North in 1572?
The Earl of Huntingdon - a Puritan with no local connections - became president
He was authorised to ensure that JPs enforced the penal law against Catholics, removed illegal enclosures, punished unlawful retaining, and assisted the poor
From 1570 what happened to magistrates and JPs?
Magistrates were purged in most northern counties
JPs who had shown leniency towards the uprising were placed, leading to a gradual build-up of a more dependable bench
What was hoped?
These measures would minimise the likelihood of future disturbances and remove the influence of Catholic families from the political scene in the northern counties
What were the consequences of the Silken Thomas rebellion?
English officials replaced Irish office holders in Dublin
A small permanent garrison was established and border fortresses were strengthened
Kidare’s lands and those of his supporters opened the way for granting lands to English loyalists
Seizure of Irish monastic and bishops’ lands
What happened in 1539?
Opposition by Gaelic lords and Palesmen to religious reforms lead to a revolt in 1539 against the Archbishop of Dublin
What as given a priority?
Domestic troubles and foreign wars
What were the costs of Irish rebellions?
Silken Thomas: £40,000
Geraldine: £254,000
Tyrone’s: £2 million
What happened after the Earl of Tyrone renounced his title of ‘the O’Neill’ and agreed to support sheriffs and garrisons in Ulster?
He was granted a pardon and recovered all that he had held at the start of the rebellion
