Strategies for Teaching and Leaning Movement

Question 1

Motor Learning Stages

Answer 1

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

Question 2

Cognitive Stage of Motor Learning

Answer 2

a person is seeking to understand what is required to develop a skill

• utilize trial and error
• PT’s role: model the task

Question 3

Associative Stage of Motor Learning

Answer 3

movement begins to look more organized and coordinated

• ID typical challenges that they face in daily life
• perform skill or task in a predictable environment
• PT’s role: decrease cueing, take the pt outside of the clinic setting

Question 4

Autonomous Stage of Motor Learning

Answer 4

task no longer requires cognitive effort

• perform the skill or task in a dynamic and changing environment - vary the environment by increasing distractions
• incorporate dual-task demands
• PTr’s role: give maximal control to the patient, work towards pt’s discharge

Question 5

Open Movement

Answer 5

Occur under variable conditions requiring instantaneous adaptations

-encourages exploration and growth mindset

Example: walking in a busy corridor

Question 6

Close Movement

Answer 6

Tasks or skills occur in a constant environment and can be produced with minimal variations each time

-encourages performance and fixed mindset

Example: Teaching a patient to walk in the parallel bars where the surface, length, and height of the bars remain constant

Question 7

Discrete Movement

Answer 7

has inherent beginning and end

Ex: setting brakes on wheelchair

Question 8

Continuous

Answer 8

has no inherent beginning or end & performer decides when to begin or end

Ex: driving a car or propelling a wheelchair

Question 9

Stability Tasks

Answer 9

require a stable base of support

Ex: lying down, sitting

Question 10

Mobility Tasks

Answer 10

task demands associated with mobile base of support

Ex: running, jumping

Question 11

Massed Practice

Answer 11

• Session in which the amount of practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials
• May lead to fatigue
• Enhances short term recall

Question 12

Distributed Practice

Answer 12

• enhances accuracy
• Session in which the amount of rest between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of time for a trial
• Enhances overall performance or retention

Question 13

Variable Practice

Answer 13

• ensures learning
• Conditions and types of practice vary between practice attempts
• Varying the practice requires more active learning and problem-solving
• Enhances retention and generalizability of the skill to novel tasks
• May be most essential when learning tasks that are likely to be performed in variable conditions

Question 14

Constant Practice

Answer 14

• Uniformed practice
• Repeated skill in the same way each time
• Maximizes skill performance under certain conditions
• Tasks that require minimal variation and will be performed in constant conditions

Question 15

Random Practice

Answer 15

• better than blocked practice
• Practice skills in unpredictable order
• Vary position, of starting point
• Enhances retention/generalization

Question 16

Blocked Practice

Answer 16

• Practice skills in blocked fashion
• Practice skill in specific order
• Enhances early performance

Question 17

Intrinsic Feedback

Answer 17

• inherent

- feedback about movement and results in movement change inherent to task

Question 18

Extrinsic Feedback: Knowledge of Performance

Answer 18

feedback about some aspect of the performance of the movement

Question 19

Extrinsic Feedback: Knowledge of Results

Answer 19

Feedback regarding the outcome of the movement in relation to the goal of the movement