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Strand 3 Ground Flashcards

1
Q

What is PAVE?

A

Pilot
Aircraft
enVironment
External Pressure

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2
Q

What is PAVE checklist used for?

A

Assess Risk Management

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3
Q

What is DECIDE?

A 
Detect problem
Estimate need for change
Choose desired outcome
Identify controls needed
Do the action
Evaluate
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4
Q

What is the DECIDE acronym used for?

A

Aeronautical Decision Making

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5
Q

What is a flight review?

A

61.56

1 hour flight training and 1 hour ground training needed every 2 years by a CFI.

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6
Q

What is a SODA?

A

Statement of Demonstrated Ability i.e. amputee

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7
Q

What is a special issuance?

A

Medical condition that changes that you must be seen for more frequently

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of hypoxia?

A

Hypoxic
Hypemic
Stagnent
Histotoxic

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9
Q

What is Hypoxic Hypoxia?

A

Result of insufficient oxygen available to the body

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10
Q

What are some symptoms of hypoxia?

A

Confusion, bluish skin, difficulty breathing, fatigue, Headache

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11
Q

What is Hypemic Hypoxia?

A

Lack of oxygen deficiency in the blood

CO2 poisoning and blood donation

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12
Q

What is Stagnant Hypoxia?

A

Inability to move blood around body

Typical for fighter pilots

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13
Q

What is histotoxic hypoxia?

A

Usually caused by drugs or alcohol

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14
Q

What are the Oxygen regulations and altitudes?

A

91.211

12,500ft - 14,000ft oxygen required if over 30 minutes

14,000+ ft. oxygen required for crew

15,000+ ft. oxygen required for all passengers

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15
Q

What are the systems used for personal orientation?

A

Vestibular
Visual
Somatosensory

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16
Q

What is the Vestibular system?

A

Inner Ear canals

Contains semicircular canals that are able to detect movement

Endolymph is the liquid that moves in the canals that touches hair cells which the brain is able to tell what movement is happening

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17
Q

What is the visual system?

A

Our eyes

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18
Q

What is the somatosensory system?

A

Nerves

Such as feeling, hearing, smelling

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19
Q

What are “Leans”?

A

When you enter a turn banked too slowly, the fluid in your eyes won’t start moving so it will trick your brain into thinking your straight and level

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20
Q

What is Coriolis Illusion?

A

When you’re in a constant turn for a long time, the fluid in your ears stop moving and will trick your brain that your straight and level while still turning

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21
Q

What is the somatogravic illusion?

A

When you accelerate quickly, it will make you feel like you are pitching the nose up. This may result in you pushing the nose forward and enter a nose low dive attitude.

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22
Q

What is an inversion illusion?

A

If you pitch down too quickly from a climb to straight and level, you can get the illusion that you’re tumbling backwards.

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23
Q

What is the elevator illusion?

A

This happens when you have an updraft and the aircraft is accelerated vertically. You will feel like you need to push the nose forward

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24
Q

What is Autokinesis?

A

When you stare at a light for too long, your brain will trick you into thinking it’s moving

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25
Why would you not want to fly when you are sick?
Ear infections or sinus problem can cause excruciating pain when you fly and change altitudes with different pressures.
26
What are two types of stress and fatigue?
Acute - nervous for a test | Chronic - long term, more serious
27
What is a controlled scuba dive?
A dive that goes to a depth where you need decompression stops
28
What is an uncontrolled dive?
A dive that doesn't go down that deep, just a typical vacation free dive
29
What are the rules regarding scuba dives?
Controlled Dives - 24 hours regardless of the altitude Uncontrolled Dives - 12 hours below 8000 feet, 24 hours any other altitude
30
What are the hazardous attitudes?
``` Anti-authority Impulsivity Invulnerability Macho Resignation ```
31
What is Anti-Authority?
Not liking being told what to do
32
What is Impulsivity?
Doing something immediately, without evaluating
33
What is Invulnerability?
Denying that something bad will happen to them
34
What is Macho?
Pilots who think they are better than everybody
35
What is Resignation?
When somebody thinks there is no difference in what happens to them
36
What are cones and rods?
They are photoreceptors that lie on the retina.
37
What is a cone cell?
Cone cells are used for daytime and on the outer rim. They do receive color under light conditions
38
What is a rod cell?
Rods are use during nighttime and are on the inner portion. They do not process color
39
What happens after the light reaches the rods and cones?
The optic nerve transfers the message/sensation to the brain
40
What are 3 types of vision?
Scotopic - Vision with rods Photopic - Vision with cones Mesopic - Both cones and rods
41
What are the night vision illusions?
Autokinesis False Horizon Black Hole effect
42
What are lights required to fly at night?
Position lights (red & green) , anti-collision lights (strobe) Landing lights when flying for hire
43
What are the runway edge lights?
White, then amber last 2000 feet
44
What color are the runway centerline lights?
White, until the last 3,000 ft of runway they alternate red and white, then just red for the last 1,000 feet.
45
What is the rotating beacon at a civilian airport?
White green
46
What is the rotating beacon at a seaport?
White yellow
47
What is the rotating beacon at a military airport?
White white green
48
What is the rotating beacon at a heliport?
White yellow green
49
What acronym can we use to ensure the airplane is able to fly?
D.I.E.
50
What Documents are needed for flight?
``` Airworthiness Certificate Registration Radio License (Int'l only) Operating Manual Weight & Balance ```
51
When does the registration expire?
Every 3 years
52
When does Airworthiness Certificate expire?
It is valid as long as airplane is maintained properly
53
What Inspections are required for aircraft?
``` Annual - 12 months (VFR & IFR) VOR - 30 days (IFR) Inspections - (Progressive, 100-hour) Airworthiness Directives - as needed Transponder - 24 months (VFR & IFR) ELT - 12 months (VFR & IFR) Static System - 24 months (IFR) ```
54
What maintenance program does UVU use?
Progressive maintenance that is every 50 hours and replaces annual inspection
55
What would we check to see if there is any un-airworthy equipment onboard?
91.205 - ATOMATOFLAMES Minimum Equipment List - AFM Airworthiness Directives Personal Comfort
56
Would you be able to fly with in-operative equipment?
91.213 Remove/Deactive Equipment Placard Log
57
What is a special flight permit?
Allows an airplane which does not meet airworthiness standards to be flown, usually to a maintenance facility. Obtained from a local FSDO
58
Can a private pilot do preventative Maintenance?
Yes. Part 43 appendix A
59
What is the list of vestibular illusions?
ICEFLAGS ``` Inversion Coriolis Illusion Elevator False Horizon Leans Autokinesis Graveyard Spiral Somatosensory Illusion ```
60
How would you check the fuel system?
Sump and look for contaminants and color, check fuel quantity, manipulate in flight using the fuel selector
61
What color gas is AVGAS80?
Red
62
What color gas is AVGAS100
Green
63
What color gas is 100LL?
Blue
64
What color gas is JetA?
White/clear
65
What is the fuel quantity for the DA-40?
40 Gallons short range | 50 Gallons long range
66
What is the max imbalance of fuel tanks for the DA-40?
10 gallons short range tanks | 8 Gallons long range tank
67
What type of engine is on the DA-40?
Lycoming IO-360
68
Explain the power plant of the DA-40?
Fuel Injected, Horizontally opposed, Air cooled, 4 cylinder, 4 stroke
69
How many spark plugs does the DA-40 have?
8, 2 per cylinder
70
What is the DA-40's horsepower?
180 HP at 2700 RPM | 160 HP at 2400 RPM
71
What is the size of the Lycoming engine?
360 cubic inches of displacement
72
What is Pre-Ignition?
When carbon deposits that get hot and cause ignition stage out of order
73
What is Detonation?
Explosion rather than combustion, can happen by using wrong fuel
74
What are the 4 strokes for in the power plant?
Intake, compression, combustion, exhaust
75
What is the airframe made out of?
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic
76
What are wings, ailerons, and flaps made out of?
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic and carbon fiber reinforced plastic
77
What is the internal portion of the airframe made out of?
Semi-Monocoque | AKA has stringers
78
How are the flight controls moved?
Cables for rudders Push rods for Ailerons and Elevator
79
What is a ing planform?
How the wings are shaped, ours is a moderate taper
80
What is a constant Speed Prop?
You can select an RPM depending on if you want more power or better efficiency
81
How is the propellers blade pitch changed?
Hydraulically using engine oil
82
What is underspending the prop?
When you climb, and you pitch the airplane up so it has to work harder. Engine will start to slow down due to centrifugal force
83
What is overspending the prop?
By pitching down the engine will start to speed up and the flyweights will move outward due to centrifugal force
84
What is the power generation from?
Alternator
85
How much storage is the alternator?
28 Volts 70 Amps
86
What is the power storage?
Battery
87
What is the battery storage?
24 Volts 11 Amps
88
How long will the emergency battery go for?
1.5 hours of power for attitude indicator and floodlights
89
What are SAM?
Standby Instruments
90
How long will the battery support the Standby Instruments?
1 hour of power
91
How is Power Distributed?
Buses
92
What are the Power Consumers?
Lights, radio, g1000
93
How are Instruments ran?
ADC (Air Data Computer) | Pitot Static System
94
What are the inputs to the ADC?
Ramp Pressure/ Pitot Pressure, Static Pressure, Alternate Static, Outside Air Temperature
95
What are the outputs for the ADC?
Airspeed, Vertical Speed, Altimeter
96
What is the AHRS?
Attitude and Heading Reference system
97
What are the inputs for the AHRS?
Magnetometer, 3 Gyroscopes
98
What are the outputs for the AHRS?
Heading indicator, attitude, turn coordinator
99
What are the Magnetic Compass Errors?
Deviation and Variation UNOS and ANDS
100
When are forces equal?
Straight and level flight | Constant Airspeed Climb/Descent
101
How is lift created?
Bernoullis principle | Newtons 3rd law
102
What is Bernoullis principle?
Air moving over the curved upper surface of the wing will travel faster and thus produce less pressure than the slower air moving across the flatter underside of the wing.
103
What is Newtons 3rd law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
104
What are the 2 types of drag?
Induced and Parasite
105
What is induced drag?
Byproduct of lift and induced decreases with more airspeed
106
When is Wake Turbulence at its strongest?
Heavy, clean, and slow
107
What is parasite drag?
Skin friction, like dirt or landing gear Paradise drag increases with more airspeed
108
What is stability?
How well a plane returns to equilibrium USE PICTURE FOR EXAMPLE
109
What is adverse yaw?
When turning to one side the airplane would want to yaw to the opposite
110
What are differential Ailerons?
When the ailerons move upwards and downwards at different heights to balance adverse yaw
111
What is load factor?
How much the wings are supporting expressed in G's
112
What is the load factor is the DA-40?
+3.8 G's -> -1.52 G's
113
When does Load factor increase?
Climbing and turning while maintains straight and level flight
114
Does Load factor increase or decrease stall speed?
Increase stall speed
115
What is a stall?
Loss of lift caused by hitting critical angle of attack
116
How do you recover from a stall?
Decrease angle of attack
117
What is a spin?
When one wing is more stalled then the other, and it's a condition of a stall
118
What is the spin recovery?
``` Throttle .. Idle Rudder .. Full opposite Elevator .. full forward Ailerons .. Neutral Flaps .. UP ``` When rotation stops: Rudder .. neutral Elevator .. pull carefully Normal flight attitude
119
What are the left turning tenancies?
Torque P-factor Gyroscopic Precession Spiraling Slipstream
120
What is torque?
The right turning direction of the engine and propeller forces the left side of the plane down towards the runway. The left tire has more friction with the ground than the right tire making your aircraft want to turn left.
121
What is P-factor?
The downward moving propeller blade takes a bigger bite of air than the upward moving blade
122
When is P-factor most prounouced?
When flying at high angle of attack Taking off in a tailwind airplane
123
What is spiraling slipstream?
Happens when the prop is moving fast and the plane in moving slow like takeoff. Air accelerated behind the prop goes into a corkscrew pattern and hits the left side of the aircraft tail creating a yaw motion.
124
What is Coriolis Force?
Move meant of weather due to the Earths rotation
125
What are the types of air masses?
``` mP (Maritime Polar) cP (Continental Polar) mT (Maritime Tropic) cT (Continental Tropic) cA (Continental Arctic) ```
126
What is a stationary front?
A front that is stationary with a mixture of cold/warm front weather Doesn't move much and affects local weather for days
127
What is an occluded front?
When cold air catches warm front
128
What are the 2 types of occluded front?
Cold front Occlusion | Warm front occlusion
129
What is a cold front occlusion?
Cold air from cold front is colder than the air below the warmer air
130
What is a warm front occlusion?
Where cold air under warm front is colder than cold air from cold front Worse weather
131
What is humidity?
Percentage of moisture in the air
132
What are the types of fog?
Upslope Radiation Advection Steam
133
What is upslope fog?
When fog forms after going up a mountain
134
What is radiation fog?
forms overnight as the air near the ground cools and stabilizes. When the cooling causes the air to reach saturation, fog will form
135
What is addiction fog?
Forms as warmer, moist air moves over a cold ground
136
What is steam fog?
AKA sea smoke Forms when cold, dry air moves over warm water
137
What is stability? (weather)
How atmosphere resists vertical motioN
138
What are the lapse rates
WET: 1 degree C / 1000 feet DRY: 3 degrees C / 1000 feet
139
What is condensation nuclei?
How rain/clouds form Dirt int he middle of the particle
140
When can Icing happen?
0 degrees Celsius and visible moisture
141
What are the types of icing?
Clear Rime Mixed
142
What is clear icing?
Forms after impact when the remaining liquid flows over the aircraft and freezes smoothly
143
What is Rime icing?
Milky white ice that forms. Forms on the leading edge
144
What is common areas of wind shear?
Temperature inversions, fronts, thunderstorms
145
How long are AIRmets valid for?
6 hours
146
What are the different types of Airmets?
Sierra (IFR) Zulu (Icing) Tango (Turbulence)
147
How long are SIGmets good for?
Valid for 4 hours
148
How long are convective signets issued for?
2 hours
149
How can you update weather in flight?
FSS ASOS/AWOS/ATIS Visually ATC
150
Best economy vs best power?
151
What is absolute altitude?
Altitude AGL
152
What is pressure altitude?
True altitude corrected for non standard pressure
153
What is density altitude?
True altitude corrected for non standard temperature
154
What is the preflight actions?
91.103 ``` Notoms Weather Known ATC delYS Runway Distances Alternate airports Fuel requirements Takeoff/landing distances ```

Private Pilot (4 decks)

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