Strand 2 Flashcards
History of crime, data, and the goals of the justice system
4 goals of the justice system
Crime prevention and control, reduce crime, ensure public safety, ensure individual rights
What is the war on drugs and its effects?
Overcrowding and mass incarceration in prisons
What was the Mapp v. Ohio case?
Established the Exclusionary rule, evidence gathered without a warrant, is excluded from trial (1961)
What was the Gideon v. Wainwright case?
Right to counsel, everyone is guaranteed the right to an attorney. (1963)
What was the Terry v. Ohio case?
Stop and frisk laws were deemed Constitutional. (1968)
What was the Miranda v. Arizona case?
Right to be informed of rights before being interrogated. Established Miranda rights (1966)
What is mala in se?
Make something illegal because it is inherently wrong
What is mala prohibita?
Make something illegal because we don’t like it
What is mens rea?
Guilty intent/ guilty mind
What is Actus reas?
Criminal act
What is violent crime?
Crime that causes physical harm (murder, assault, SA, etc)
What is non violent crime?
Crime that has harm that isn’t physical (theft, fraud, etc)
What is property crime?
Crime that takes/harms someone’s property (theft, larceny, burglary, vandalism, etc)
What is white-collar crime?
Corporate crime (credit card fraud, insider trading, etc)
What is organized crime?
Criminal group that commits crime through legitimate businesses (the mafia, money laundering schemes, etc)
What is hate crime?
Crime targeting a group of class of people (racism, ableism, ageism, etc)
What is the 1st element of a crime?
Actus reus (guilty act)
What is the 2nd element of a crime?
Mens rea (guilty mind)
What is the 3rd element of a crime?
Concurrence (mens rea and Actus reus occur at the same time)
What is the 4th element of a crime?
Causation (was the harm caused by the crime?)
What is the 5th element of a crime?
Harm (what was the harm? Physical, mental, social/emotional, financial)
What is the 6th element of a crime?
Attendant circumstance (facts and evidence)
What is a crime of desperation?
Crimes committed out of necessity, due to hardship/strain
What are the excuse defenses?
Insanity, juvenile status, intoxication, mistake
What are the justification defenses?
Self defense, duress, necessity, entrapment
