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Commercial License > Strand 1 > Flashcards

Strand 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the VFR daytime recency requirements?

A

3 landings every 90 days prior to carrying passengers

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2
Q

What is VFR nighttime requirements?

A

3 landings every 90 days to a full stop prior to carrying passengers

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3
Q

When are you able to do your VFR nighttime recency?

A

1 hour after sunset till 1 hour before sunrise

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4
Q

What is IFR recency?

A

66HIT (6 months, 6 approaches, holding procedures, intercept and tracking)

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5
Q

When do you need a safety pilot while doing IFR recency?

A

Whenever you are doing the approaches in the airplane

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6
Q

What happens when 12 months go by since your last IFR recency?

A

IPC with a CFII or examiner

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7
Q

What should you expect on a flight review?

A

At least 1 hour of ground and 1 hour of flight

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8
Q

What would typically count at a flight review that isn’t officially a flight review?

A

Proficiency check or Practical test conducted by a examiner

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9
Q

What are the commercial limitations?

A

If not instrument rated you cannot…
Fly at night commercially
Fly passengers 50 NM commercially

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10
Q

What are your commercial privileges?

A

Fly for compensation or hire
Fly goods for compensation or hire

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11
Q

What is a wet lease?

A

You provide aircraft and crew

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12
Q

What is a dry lease?

A

The client provides aircraft

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13
Q

What does holding out mean?

A

Advertising yourself

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14
Q

What is a SODA?

A

Statement of Demonstrated Ability
Doesn’t expire

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15
Q

What is a special issuance?

A

Certain medical conditions and may have limitations and early expiration dates

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16
Q

How long does a 1st class medical last for CPL at any age?

A

12 months

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17
Q

How long does a 1st class medical last for ATP PIC under 40?

A

12 months

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18
Q

How long does a 1st class medical last for ATP PIC over 40?

A

6 months

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19
Q

How long does a 1st class medical last for PPL or recreational pilots over 40?

A

24 months

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20
Q

How long does a 1st class medical last for PPL or recreational pilots under 40?

A

60 months

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21
Q

How long does a 2nd class medical last for ATP SIC at any age?

A

12 months

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22
Q

How long does a 2nd class medical last for CPL at any age?

A

12 months

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23
Q

How long does a 2nd class medical last for PPL or Recreational pilot under 40?

A

60 months

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24
Q

How long does a 2nd class medical last for PPL or recreational pilot over 40?

A

24 months

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25
Q

How long does a 3rd class medical last for recreational, PPL, or CFI under 40?

A

60 months

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26
Q

How long does a 2nd class medical last for recreational, PPL, or CFI over 40?

A

24 months

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27
Q

What medical do you need to have to practice commercial privileges?

A

At least a 2nd class

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28
Q

What is hypoxic hypoxia?

A

“High altitudes are xic”

Insufficient oxygen to the body as a whole
Common at high altitudes for pilots

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29
Q

What is Hypemic hypoxia?

A

“Blood donations make you famous, mic”

Not enough oxygen molecules in the blood
CO poisoning or blood donations

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30
Q

What is Stagnant Hypoxia?

A

“Battle Stag”

Blood flow is disrupted
Excessive G’s such as fighter pilots

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31
Q

What is Histotoxic hypoxia?

A

“Toxic = Poison”

Cells unable to make use of oxygen
Alcohol or Drugs

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32
Q

Explain the vestibular system

A

3 semicircular canals in each ear, each canal consists of an AMPULLA filled with ENDOLYMPH FLUID which will deflect TINY HAIR CELLS depending on which direction your moving

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33
Q

What is Hyperventilation?

A

Carbon Dioxide inbalance

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34
Q

What are the hazardous attitudes?

A

Resignation
Anti-Authority
Impulsivity
Invulnerability
Macho

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35
Q

What is the antidote for resignation?

A

I can make a difference

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36
Q

What is the antidote for anti-authority?

A

Follow the rules

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37
Q

What is the antidote for impulsivity?

A

Think First

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38
Q

What is the antidote for invulnerability?

A

It could happen to me

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39
Q

What is the antidote for Macho?

A

Taking chances is foolish

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40
Q

Explain the eyes

A

Light passes through the PUPIL to the RETINA, the RETINA consists of ROD and CONE cells. Cone cells are primarily in the center, where rod cells are primarily on the outskirts

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41
Q

What is Scotopic?

A

Rods, somewhat on a gray scale

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42
Q

What is Photopic?

A

Cones, used for light and color

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43
Q

What is Mesopic?

A

Combination of rods and cones

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44
Q

What is Inversion illusion?

A

Climb to straight level = tumbling backwards

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45
Q

What is Coriolis Illusion?

A

Quick head turn = brain thinks your on a different axis

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46
Q

What is the elevator illusion?

A

Updraft = Brain thinks your climbing

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47
Q

What is False Horizon?

A

Visual Illusion from clouds or uphill terrain

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48
Q

What are the Leans?

A

Prolonged turn = brain thinks the turn is level

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49
Q

What is autokinesis?

A

Stationary light may appear to move if stared at

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50
Q

What is Graveyard Spiral?

A

Aggravated condition of the leans, but pilots will bank to correct and pitch up for loss of lift from the turn

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51
Q

What is somatosensory illusion?

A

Rapid acceleration = make you feel like you are nose up

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52
Q

What is PAVE and what is it used for?

A

Perceiving the hazard…

Pilot
Aircraft
enVironment
External Factors

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53
Q

What is CARE and what is it used for?

A

Measuring the hazard…

Consequences
Alternatives
Reality
External Pressures

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54
Q

What is TEAM and what is it used for?

A

Performing risk management..

Transfer
Eliminate
Accept
Mitigate

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55
Q

What are the preflight actions?

A

Notoms
Weather
Known ATC delats
Runway lengths
Alternate information
Fuel requirements
Takeoff/landing distances

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56
Q

What does a Notam (D) cover?

A

Navigational facilities, public airports, runway/taxiway closures

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57
Q

What does a NOTAM (FDC) cover?

A

Approaches and Airways

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58
Q

What does a Pointer NOTAM cover?

A

Points to other important NOTAMs

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59
Q

What is a SAA NOTAM?

A

Special activity airspace

Airspace active outside of published times

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60
Q

What is a NOTAM (U) cover?

A

Unverified Notams

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61
Q

What color beacon is civilian land airports?

A

White and Green

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62
Q

What color beacon is water airports?

A

White and Yellow

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63
Q

What color beacon are heliports?

A

White Yellow and Green

64
Q

What color beacon are military airports?

A

White White Green

65
Q

What color are runway edge lights?

A

White, then yellow the last 2000’ or half the runway

66
Q

What color is the runway centerline lights?

A

White, then white and red last 2000’, then red last 1000’

67
Q

What color are taxiway lead off lights?

A

Green and Yellow

68
Q

What color are LAHSO lights?

A

Pulsing white when LAHSO is in effect

69
Q

Do you have to accept a LAHSO clearance?

A

No

70
Q

What color runway lights is the TDZ lights?

A

White first 3000 ft of the runway

71
Q

What color are taxiway edge lights?

A

Blue

72
Q

What color are taxiway centerline lights?

A

Green

73
Q

What color are stop bar lights?

A

Red… controlled by tower

74
Q

When is wake turbulence strongest?

A

Aircraft is heavy, clean, and slow

75
Q

What are ways to avoid wake turbulence?

A

Land past their point, rotate prior, or side step into wind

76
Q

What are the standards for Emergency descent?

A

45 degree bank angle
Power Idle
Do not exceed 129

77
Q

Gun signal, steady green on the ground?

A

Cleared for takeoff

78
Q

Gun signal, steady green in the air?

A

Cleared to land

79
Q

Gun signal, flashing green on the ground?

A

Cleared to taxi

80
Q

Gun signal, flashing green in the air?

A

Return to land

81
Q

Gun signal, steady red on the ground?

A

STOP

82
Q

Gun signal, steady red in the air?

A

Continue circling

83
Q

Gun signal, flashing red on the ground?

A

Taxi clear of the runway in use

84
Q

Gun signal, flashing red in the air?

A

Airport unsafe, don’t land

85
Q

Gun signal, flashing white on the ground?

A

Return to starting point at the airport

86
Q

Gun signal, flashing white in the air?

A

This doesn’t mean anything

87
Q

Gun signal, alternating red and green on the ground?

A

Exercise extreme caution

88
Q

Gun signal, alternating red and green in the air?

A

Exercise extreme caution

89
Q

What lights need to be on when operating the aircraft at night?

A

Anti-collision, position lights, and landing light if operating for hire

90
Q

What sides are the position lights on?

A

Red = Left
Green = Right

91
Q

What are the oxygen requirements for non-pressurized aircraft?

A

Above 12,500 ft: 30+ mins crew needs oxygen
Above 14,000 ft: crew needs oxygen
Above 15,000 ft: passengers must be offered oxygen

92
Q

What are the oxygen requirements for pressurized aircraft?

A

Above FL250: 10 minute supply for each occupant
Above FL350: 1 pilot must use oxygen if other pilot leaves cockpit
Above FL410: Each pilot must be on oxygen

93
Q

What are the types of oxygen systems?

A

Continuous flow
Diluter demand
Pressure demand

94
Q

How high can you fly with continuous flow?

A

Up to 28,000 ft

95
Q

How high can you fly with diluter demand?

A

Up to 40,000 ft
Gives oxygen during inhalation

96
Q

How high can you fly with pressure demand?

A

Above 40,000 ft
Will pressurize the lungs to a lower altitude

97
Q

What is the Cannula?

A

Below 18,000 ft
Simple continuous flow

98
Q

What is the Oral-Nasal Re-Breather?

A

Below 25,000ft
Stores exhaled air to mix with 100% oxygen

99
Q

What is Quick don mask?

A

Below 40,000 ft
Donned with 1 hand in less than 5 seconds

100
Q

What is the Dixie Cup masks?

A

Below 40,000 ft
Mixture of oxygen and cabin air

101
Q

What is the checklist to check oxygen?

A

Pressure
Regulator
Indicator
Connections
Emergency

102
Q

What is the difference between rapid and explosive pressure loss?

A

Damage to the lungs

103
Q

What is the equipment required for Class A airspace?

A

2 way communication
Instrument rated aircraft/pilot
Mode C XPDR
ADSB-out
DME above FL 250

104
Q

What are the weather minimums for Class A airspace?

A

There are no minimums

105
Q

What is the speed limit for Class A airspace?

A

Mach 1

106
Q

What are the dimensions of Class A airspace?

A

FL180 to FL600

107
Q

What are the dimensions of class B airspace?

A

Typically surface to 10,000 MSL

108
Q

What are the equipment requirements of Class B?

A

2 Way comms
Mode C XPDR
ADSB-out

109
Q

What are the weather requirements of Class B?

A

3 SM and clear of clouds

110
Q

What is the speed limits of Class B?

A

Below 10,000: 250 knots
Under a B shelf: 200 knots

111
Q

What color is class B on sectional?

A

Solid blue lines

112
Q

What color is Class C on sectional?

A

Solid Magenta lines

113
Q

What are the equipment requirements of Class C?

A

2 way comms
Mode C XPDR
ADSB-out

114
Q

What are the weather minimums of Class C?

A

3 SM and 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal

115
Q

What are the speed limits of Class C?

A

Below 10,000: 250 knots
Below 2,500 AGL within 4 NM: 200 knots

116
Q

What color is Class D on sectional?

A

Dashed blue lines

117
Q

What are the dimensions of Class D airspace?

A

Surface to 2,500 AGL, 4-5 NM wide

118
Q

What are the dimensions of Class C airspace?

A

5 NM up to 1200’ AGL, 10 NM from 1200’AGL to 4000’AGL

119
Q

What are the equipment requirements of Class D?

A

2 way radio

120
Q

What are the weather requirements for Class D?

A

3SM and 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal

121
Q

What does ombre magenta line mean on sectional?

A

CLass E down to 700’

122
Q

What does ombre blue line mean?

A

Class E down to 1,200’

123
Q

What does Class E down to surface look like on sectional?

A

Dashed magenta line

124
Q

Where is Class E airspace?

A

1,200ft to FL180

125
Q

What are the weather requirements of Class E?

A

Below 10,000ft: 3 SM and 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
Above 10,000ft: 5 SM and 1,000 above 1000 below 1 SM horizontal

126
Q

What are the speed limits of Class E?

A

Below 10,000: 250 knots
Above 10,000: Mach 1

127
Q

What are the dimensions of Class G?

A

Surface to 1,200 AGL or random spots like in alaska

128
Q

What are the weather minimums of Class G?

A

Under 1,200 AGL
-Datyime: 1 SM clear of clouds
-Nightime: 3 SM 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal

Above 1,200 AGL under 10,000 MSL
-Daytime: 1 SM 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal
-Nightime: 3 SM 1,000 above 500 below 2000 horizontal

Above 1,200 AGL and above 10,000 MSL
3 SM and 1000 above 1000 below 1 SM horizontal

129
Q

Explain the pressure system of an aircraft

A

Air from compressor will be cooled by heat exchange then distributed in the cabin and controlled by outflow valve

130
Q

What valves are there on the pressure system

A

Outflow valve- controls cabin pressure
Safety/Dump valve- in case of emergency

131
Q

What is differential pressure?

A

The difference in pressure of which the aircraft can handle

132
Q

How long are AIRMETS good for?

A

6 hours

133
Q

What are the types of AIRMETS?

A

Tango: Turbulence
Sierra: Mountain Obscurations
Zulu: Icing

134
Q

What are some airspaces you can’t fly in?

A

Prohibited (P-####)
Restricted (R-####)
MOA (No IFR)
TFR (Notam)

135
Q

How long are normal SIGMETS good for?

A

4 hours

136
Q

How long are convective SIGMETS good for?

A

2 hours and updated hourly

137
Q

How long are hurricane SIGMETs good for?

A

6 hours

138
Q

What is Radiation fog?

A

Ground cools, surrounding air cools to dew point … burns off in the morning

139
Q

What is Advection fog?

A

Moist air moves over cooler ground or water … PNW

140
Q

What is steam fog?

A

Cold and dry air moves over warm water creating fog … affects seaplanes

141
Q

What is upslope fog?

A

Moist stable air moves up terrain and cools … causing AIRMET (S)

142
Q

What is precipitation fog?

A

Warm rain falls through cool air .. dense and long lasting fog

143
Q

What is freezing fog?

A

Water droplets supercooled in air … must be below 15 degrees C

144
Q

What is a single cell thunderstorm?

A

One updraft
Small hail, gusty winds, heavy rain

145
Q

What is a multi-cell thunderstorm?

A

Wind shear, medium sized hail, longer lasting

146
Q

What is a super cell thunderstorm?

A

Big enough to be a tornado
Severe rainfall and winds

147
Q

How far should you fly away from thunderstorms?

A

At least 20 NM

148
Q

What are the stages of a thunderstorm?

A

Cumulus, mature, dissipating

149
Q

How is wind shear caused?

A

Warm/cold fronts, temperature inversions

150
Q

What are the characteristics of a high pressure system?

A

Light winds and clear skies
Moves clockwise and outward

151
Q

What are the characteristics of a low pressure system?

A

Poor visibility, rain, fog
Counter-clockwise downward

152
Q

Describe a warm front

A

10-25 MPH
Light to moderate precipitation, poor visibility

153
Q

Describe a cold front

A

25-30 MPH
Heavy rain, lightening, hail

154
Q

Describe a stationary front

A

Persistent weather
Red and blue spikes

155
Q

Describe an occluded front

A

Cold front catches up to warm front
Mixture of weather found in all fronts

Commercial License (3 decks)

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