strains and sprains

Question 1

Sprain

Answer 1

stretch and/or tear of a ligament

Question 2

ligement

Answer 2

dense band of fibrous connective tissue
stabilize joints during normal ROM

extracellular fibres-collagen elastic and proteoglycans
matrix-water

Question 3

Strain

Answer 3

a twist pill and or tear of a muscle/tendon

Question 4

classification

Answer 4

Grade I II or II

Question 5

Grade I

Answer 5

Ligament, tendon or muscle is overstretched with possibly only micro-tears.
Discomfort, transient oedema, slight temporary limitation to function
Full recovery 1-2 days

Question 6

Grade II

Answer 6

Partial tear of ligament, tendon or muscle with immediate onset of all inflammatory signs.
Grade II sprain may be extensive enough to disturb joint stability
Function severely limited and recovery could take months

Question 7

Grade III

Answer 7

Complete rupture of ligament, tendon or muscle
Sprain – joint instability +++
Strain – inability to contract muscle and separation may be evident
Both – immediate acute pain, often audible “pop”, “click” or “crack”, all inflammatory cardinal signs present. But later symptoms maybe less than Grade II
Both – requires immobilisation and/or surgery

Question 8

Connective tissue repair

Answer 8

imflammatory
proliferatice
remodeling

Question 9

Grade 1

Answer 9

healing by primary intention

edge brought together

Question 10

Grade 2 and 3

Answer 10

healing by secondary intention

scar tisssue

Question 11

Scar tissue

Answer 11

higher risk of reinjury

decreased ROM

Question 12

Management of acute soft tissue injury

Answer 12

protection
rice/optimal loading
ice
compression 
elevation

Question 13

Tensile stress of healing tissue

Answer 13

after injury tissue tensile strength decreases
remains constant during lag inflammation phase
increases during regeneration and proliferative phase