Storage Tank Design Flashcards
Define ‘Flash Point’
The lowest temperature where vapours form an ignitable mixture given an ignition source.
Name the 3 main types of storage tanks.
1) Fixed roof
2) Internal floating roof
3) External roof
When is a fixed roof storage tank suitable? Give 2 examples.
Very high flash points - must not ignite.
eg. water & fuel oil
When is an internal floating roof storage tank suitable? Give 2 examples.
Low flash points. Has fixed & floating roof suitable for countries with lots of rain.
eg. gasoline, ethanol
When is an external floating roof storage tank suitable? Give 2 examples of suitable fluids.
Medium flash points. No fixed roof suitable for dry countries.
eg. naptha, kerosene
What is the purpose of a floating roof?
It sits directly on top of the fluid to prevent vapour escaping.
When is a spiral staircase required on a storage tank?
If the tank is more than 4m tall.
What determines whether a roof is self-supporting or supported? What quantities are used for each?
Roof pitch slope must be sufficiently steep to support itself. A 1:5 pitch can be self-supported. A 1:12 pitch uses a roof support
Name 10 features on a fixed roof storage tank.
1) Roof manhole
2) Shell manhole
3) Dip-tube (sample)
4) Pressure/vacuum vent
5) Staircase
6) Gauge float/liquid level indicator
7) Inlet nozzle
8) Outlet nozzle
9) Railing (if > 4m tall)
10) Fixed roof
What is the purpose of the pressure/vacuum vent? What vacuum does it operate at?
It prevents build up of vapour & relieves internal pressure build up. It operates at a slight vacuum of 0.19kPa.
What is the conversion for barrel (bbl) to m3?
1 bbl = 0.1637 m3
How do you calculate volume in a cylindrical tank?
V = (pi x D^2)/4 x L
When are short, fat tanks & tall, thin tanks used?
Short, fat = used in windy or seismically active areas & where soil bearing strength is low.
Tall, thin = ground space available small & soil bearing strength higher
What is the wall & bottom surface area (SA) of a cylinder?
SA wall = pi x D x L
SA bottom = (pi x D^2)/4
What is the surface area (SA) of a conical roof?
SA = (pi x D)/2 x s
where s = slope.
Derive the formula for the slope of a conical roof assuming a self supporting roof?
Self-supporting r:h = 1:5.
s^2 = h^2 + r^2
s = sqrt [(13D^2)/50]
Derive the formula for the slope of a conical roof assuming a supported roof?
Supported r:h = 1:12
s^2 = h^2 + r^2
s = sqrt [(145D^2)/576]
What L/D ratio does the minimum SA occur for a flat roof?
L/D = 1
What L/D ratio does the minimum SA occur for a self-supporting conical roof?
L/D = 1.01
List 8 features on a external floating roof tank.
1) Rim-seal
2) Access hatch
3) Open top
4) Deck leg (pontoon & centre)
5) Solid guidepole
6) Vacuum breaker
7) Rim vent
8) Overflow drain
What is the purpose of a solid guidepole on an external floating roof tank? How many are usually required?
Allows floating roof to move up & down without spinning, reducing build up of static which could cause an explosion. Only 1 is usually needed.
What is the purpose of the deck legs?
Holds up the floating roof allowing for maintenance so it doesn’t slam down.
What is the purpose of the rim seal? How is it different in an external & internal floating roof?
Stops vapour escaping between joints while allowing roof to move up & down. External roof uses rim-seal around edge of floating roof to prevent rain water entering. Internal roof uses around edge of floating roof, fixed roof & roof columns.
What are the 3 types of floating roof?
1) Single deck
2) Double deck
3) Single deck with central deck buoyancy compartments