Storage and Databases Flashcards
Summarize the basic concept of storage and databases
1) Block-level storage is a place to store files
2) File is a series of bytes that are stored in blocks on disc
3) When a file is updated, the whole series of block aren’t all overwritten, just the pieces hat changed
Amazon EC2 Instance store
- Provides temporary block-level storage for an Amazon EC2 instance
- Disk storage that is physically attached to the host computer for an EC2 instance, so when the instance is terminated, will lose any data in the stance store
Describe Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)
1) Service that provides block-level storage volumes that can be used with Amazon EC2 instances
2) If the Amazon EC2 instance is stopped or terminated, all the data on the attached EBS volume remains available
3) To create an EBS volume, define the configuration (such as volume size and type) and provision it
4) After creating an EBS volume, it can be attached to an EC2 instance
5) Take incremental backups of EBS volumes by creating Amazon EBS snapshots
6) Amazon EBS snapshots
* Incremental backup
* First backup taken of a volume copies all the data
* Additional snapshots add or remove data that has changed since the previous snapshot
Describe the 6 Amazon S3 Storage Classes
1) Consider when selecting an Amazon S3 storage class
* How often plan to retrieve the data
* How available need the data to be
2) S3 Standard
* Designed for frequently accessed data
* Stores data in a minimum of three AZs
* High availability for objects
* Higher cost than other storage classes
* Good for: websites, content distribution, data analytics
3) S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA)
* Ideal for infrequently accessed data
* Stores data in a minimum of three AZs
* Same level of availability as S3 Standard, but lower storage price and higher retrieval price
4) S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One-Zone IA)
* Stores data in one availability zone
* Lower storage price than S3 Standard IA
* Good for: want to save costs on storage, can easily reproduce the date in the event of an AZ failure
5) S3 Intelligent Tiering
* Ideal for data with unknown or changing access patterns
* Requires a small monthly monitoring and automation fee per object
* By monitoring objects’ access patterns: if haven’t accessed an object for 30 consecutive days, automatically moved to S3 Standard-IA
* By monitoring objects’ access patterns: if access an object in the infrequent access tier, moves it S3 Standard
6) S3 Glacier
* Low-cost storage designed for data archiving
* Able to retrieve objects w/in a few hours
* Good for: archived customer records or older photos and video files
7) S3 Glacier Deep Archive
* Lowest cost object class storage class ideal for archiving
* Able to retrieve objects within 12 hours
* When deciding between S3 Glacier and S3 Glacier Deep Archive: how fast need to retrieve?
S3 Glacier -> few minutes to a few hours
S3 Glacier Deep Archive -> within 12 hours
Describe the Difference between Amazon EBS and Amazon S3
1) EBS -> doing complex read, right, change functions
2) S3 -> using complete objects or occasional changes
Describe Amazon Elastic File System (EFS)
1) Scalable file system used with AWS Cloud services and on-premises resources
2) Multiple clients (users, applications, servers) can access data that is stored in shared file folders
3) A storage server uses block storage with a local file system to organize files
4) Clients access data through file paths
5) As add and remove files, Amazon EFS grows and shrinks automatically.
Good for: Large number of services and resources need to access the same data at the same time
Describe the Difference between Amazon EBS and Amazon EFS
EBS
1) Stores data in a single Availability Zone
2) To attach an Amazon EC2 instance to an EBS volume, both must reside within the same Availability Zone
EFS
1) Stores data in and across multiple Availability Zones. Regional Service
2) Duplicate storage enables to access data concurrently from all the AZs in the Region where the file system is located.
3) On-premises servers can access EFS using AWS Direct Connect
Describe Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS)
1) Service that enables to run relational databases in the AWS Cloud
2) Managed service that automates hardware provisioning, database setup, patching and backups
3) Provides a number of different security options: encryption at rest and encryption in transit
List the 6 Amazon RDS database engines
1) Amazon Aurora
2) PostgreSQL
3) MySQL
4) MariaDB
5) Oracle Database
6) Microsoft SQL Server
Describe Amazon Aurora
1) Enterprise-class relational database
2) Compatible with MySQL and PostgreSQL
3) Five times faster than standard MySQL
4) Three times faster than standard PostgreSQL
5) Helps reduce database costs by reducing unnecessary input/output (I/O) operations, while ensuring the database resources remain reliable and available
6) Replicates six copies of data across three AZs and continuously backs up the data to Amazon S3
Good for: Workloads requiring high availability
Describe Amazon DynamoDB
1) Key-value database service
2) Delivers single-digit millisecond performance at any scale
3) Serverless
* Do not have to provision, patch or manage servers
* Do not have to install, maintain or operate software
4) Automatic scaling
* As database grows and shrinks, automatically scales to adjust for changes in capacity while maintaining consistent performance
5) Good for when require high performance while scaling
Describe Amazon Redshift
1) A data warehousing service that can be used for big data analytics
2) Offers the ability to collect from many sources and helps to understand relationships and trends across the data
Describe AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
1) Enables to migrate relational databases, nonrelational databases and other types of data stores
2) Move data between a source database and a target database
3) The source and target databases can be of the same type or different types
4) During the migration, the source database remains operational, reducing downtime for any applications that rely on the database
List other use cases for AWS DMS
1) Development and test database migrations
2) Database consolidation
3) Continuous replication
Describe Amazon DocumentDB
1) A document database service that supports MongoDB (document database program) workloads
Describe Amazon Neptune
1) Graph database service
2) Use to build and run applications that work with highly connected datasets, such as recommendation engines, fraud detection and knowledge graphs
