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AWS Cloud Practitioner > Storage and Databases > Flashcards

Storage and Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Types of block level storage

A
  • instance stores
  • Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)
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2
Q

What is an instance store volume?

A

local storage physically attached to the host running the EC2 instance

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3
Q

What is the downside of an instance store volume?

A

All data are deleted when the instance is stopped. Because an instance can be restarted on another physical host.

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4
Q

What is instance store volume good for?

A

temporary storage

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5
Q

What is Amazon EBS?

A

Elastic Block Store - volumes (physical hard drives) attached to an EC2 instance.

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6
Q

What is EBS good for?

A

Incremental backups - snapshots.

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7
Q

What is Amazon S3?

A

Simple Storage Service, object store

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8
Q

What are S3 limits?

A
  • single object limit is 5TB
  • total volume - unlimited
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9
Q

Storage tiers

A
  • S3 standard
  • S3 infrequent access (IA)
  • one-zone IA
  • Amazon S3 Glacier
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10
Q

What is stored in object store

A

data, metadata, key

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11
Q

S3 Standard storage tier - features

A
  • 99.999999999% probability of being intact after 1 year
  • data is stored in at least 3 facilities
  • good for static website hosting
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12
Q

S3 IA

A

Infrequent Access
- lower storage price, higher retrieval price
- rapid access when needed
- minimum 3 AZs, backups, disaster recovery

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13
Q

What is Amazon S3 Glacier good for?

A

audit data that need to be archived

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14
Q

What is WORM policy?

A

Write once, read many

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15
Q

What is Amazon S3 Glacier?

A

storage vaults for data that don’t need to be accessed rapidly (from minutes to hours)

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16
Q

What is Amazon S3 Intelligent Tiering?

A

Service for automatically moving data between tiers according to lifecycle policies.

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17
Q

What is Amazon S3 Intelligent Tiering good for?

A

Data with unknown or changing access patterns.

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18
Q

What do you pay for with S3 Intelligent Tiering?

A

a monthly monitoring and automation fee per object

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19
Q

Types of Amazon Glacier

A
  • Instant Retrieval
  • Flexible Retrieval
  • Deep Archive
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20
Q

Amazon Glacier Flexible Retrieval - retrieval policy

A

from minutes to hours

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21
Q

Amazon Glacier Instant Retrieval - retrieval policy

A

minutes

22
Q

Amazon Glacier Deep Archive - retrieval policy

A

12 hours, 1-2 a year

23
Q

EBS vs. S3

A

EBS:
- up to 16TB
- block store - delta updates possible
- requires an instance
- use case: large vide file which is edited
- not web enabled

S3:
- unlimited
- object store - discrete objects, no delta updates possible (WORM)
- use case: photo analysis website
- serverless
- web enabled

24
Q

What is Amazon EFS?

A

Elastic File System - a managed filesystem that scales automatically

25
Q

EFS vs. EBS

A

EFS
- not a drive, but a linux filesystem
- regional resource
- scalable

EBS
- a drive (SSD or HDD)
- must be in the same AZ as an EC2 instance it’s connected to
- not scalable

26
Q

EFS use case

A

a filesystem shared among multiple servers that run analytics on data located on this filesystem

27
Q

What is Amazon RDS?

A

Amazon Relational Database System

28
Q

RDBMS supported by RDS

A

PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, MSSQL, etc.

29
Q

Ways to use RDBMS on AWS.

A
  1. lift&shift an existing database to EC2
  2. use a managed service - Amazon RDS
  3. Amazon Aurora
30
Q

Benefits of Amazon RDS

A
  • automated patching
  • backups
  • redundancy
  • failover
  • disaster recovery
  • can be integrated with other services, e.g. lambda
31
Q

Amazon Aurora - SQL engines

A

MySQL, PostgreSQL

32
Q

Amazon Aurora - benefits

A
  • cheaper - 1/10 cost of commercial dbs
  • 6 replicas across facilities
  • up to 15 read-replicas
  • continuous backups to S3
  • point-in-time recovery
  • up to 5x faster than MySQL, 3x than PostgreSQL
33
Q

What is Amazon DynamoDB?

A

non-relational database, serverless, key-value (no schema)

34
Q

features of DynamoDB

A
  • scalable
  • very performant (ms response time)
  • massive throughput
  • PB size potential
  • granular API access
  • redundant storage across AZs, mirrors data across drives
35
Q

What is Amazon Redshift?

A

data warehousing as a service (big data)

36
Q

What is data warehousing use case?

A
  • historical analysis - looking backwards at data that don’t change in real time
  • variety of different data
37
Q

Amazon Redshift specs

A
  • multiple PBs, massively scalable
  • 10x more performant than traditional dbs
38
Q

What is AWS DMS?

A

AWS Data Migration Service. Secure and easy migration from on premise to cloud.

39
Q

Benefits of AWS DMS

A
  • source db is operational during migration - downtime is minimized
  • source and target can be of different types
40
Q

Two DB migration types

A
  • between homogenous DBs
  • between heterogenous DBs
41
Q

Homogenous DB migration

A

Compatible schema, data types, db code, e.g. MySQL -> Amazon RDS for MySQL.
Source can be: on premise, Amazon EC2, Amazon RDS, target: Amazon EC2, Amazon RDS.
One step: user creates a migration task using AWS Database Migration Service.

42
Q

Heterogenous DB migration

A

Two steps: 1) convert schema structures, db code using AWS schema conversion tool, 2) migrate using AWS DMS.

43
Q

Database migration use cases

A
  • dev and test db migration (copy prod to dev or test)
  • db consolidation
  • continuous db replication - for disaster recovery or due to geographical separation
44
Q

Types of dbs supported by DMS

A

relational, non-relational, other data stores

45
Q

Amazon Document DB

A

Document db service that supports MongoDB workloads.
Good for content management system: catalogues, user profiles.

46
Q

Amazon Neptune

A

A graph DB.
Good for social networking and recommendation engines, fraud detection, knowledge graph.

47
Q

Anazon Quantum Ledger Database (QLDB)

A

An immutable system of record - no entry can be changed or removed - complete history of changes.
Good for supply chain, banking, financial records.

48
Q

Amazon Managed Blockchain

A

distributed ledger

49
Q

Amazon Elasticache

A

Service which adds a layer of optimization to a db. Offers optimization of read times for common requests from mili- to microseconds.
Supports Redis or Memcached engines.

50
Q

Amazon DAX

A

DynamoDB Accelerator - in-memory native caching layer to improve read times.

AWS Cloud Practitioner (10 decks)

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