Stones Flashcards
0
Q
Where are stones commonly formed?
A
- Urinary passages
- Gall bladder
- Salivary glands
- Prostate gland
- Intestinal fluids
1
Q
Alternative names for stones
A
- Calculi (Latin)
* Lithos (Greek)
2
Q
What condition leads to stone formation?
A
Supersaturation of a salt in a body fluid
3
Q
What process has to happen first for a stone to form?
A
Nucleation (stone forming around nucleus)
4
Q
Substances present in body fluids that inhibit nucleation
A
Anti-nucleation factors
5
Q
Pathological consequences of stones
A
- Predispose to infection
- Obstruction
- Chronic inflammation and ulceration
- Metaplastic changes to organ epithelium after longstanding irritation
- Neoplasia
6
Q
What is hydronephrosis and when does it occur?
A
Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces with kidney atrophy
Occurs when urine blocked in ureter
7
Q
Consequence of urine blockage
A
Stagnant urine upstream prone to infection
8
Q
What can also predispose to stone formation?
A
Infection
