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Anatomy of Abdomen and Pelvis > Stomach, Midgut and Associated Arteries > Flashcards

Stomach, Midgut and Associated Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterior boundaries of the lesser sac?

A

Stomach, lesser omentum

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2
Q

What are the posterior boundaries of the lesser sac?

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

What are the superior boundaries of the lesser sac?

A

Liver, diaphragm

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4
Q

What are the inferior boundaries of the lesser sac?

A

Omental bursa

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5
Q

What are the lateral boundaries of the lesser sac?

A

Left: Spleen

Right: Epiploic foramen, liver

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6
Q

Is the cardiac orifice an anatomical sphincter?

A

No

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7
Q

Is the pylorus an anatomical sphincter?

A

Yes

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8
Q

At what vertebral level does the pylorus normally lie?

A

L1

This is the transpyloric plane

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9
Q

Stomach receives parasympathetic innervation from which nerves?

A

Left and right vagus nerves

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10
Q

How does the left vagus nerve come to lie anteriorly to the stomach and the right posteriorly?

A

Rotation of the stomach

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11
Q

What is a hiatus hernia?

A

Stomach pushing through diaphragm

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12
Q

At what vertebral level is the coeliac trunk given off?

A

T12

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13
Q

Which section of the gut is supplied by the coeliac trunk?

A

Foregut

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14
Q

Which branch of the coeliac trunk runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Left gastric artery

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15
Q

Which vessel runs along the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Gastroepiploic arteries (left and right, they anastomose)

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16
Q

Which branch of the coeliac trunk is normally the largest, with a very tortuous path?

A

Splenic

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17
Q

What structure demarcates the midgut?

A

Major duodenal papilla (halfway along 2nd part of duodenum) separates foregut and midgut

Junction between midgut and hindgut is two-thirds of the way along the transverse colon

18
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which is a deeper red colour?

A

Jejunum

19
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which is smaller in diameter?

A

Ileum (~3cm)

20
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has thinner, lighter walls?

A

Ileum

21
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has the greater vasculature?

A

Jejunum

22
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has shorter vasa recta?

A

Ileum

23
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has fewer, but larger arcades?

A

Jejunum

24
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has less fat in its mesentery?

A

Jejunum

25
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has larger, taller plicae circulares?

A

Jejunum

26
Q

Of the jejunum and ileum, which has fewer Peyer’s patches?

A

Jejunum

27
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Bulge in the small intestine, vestigial remnant of the vitelline duct

28
Q

What properties of the large intestine distinguish it from the small intestine?

A
  • Greater calibre
  • Taeniae coli (three make up the longitudinal muscle layer)
  • Haustra (sacculations)
  • Appendices epiploicae (fatty tags)
29
Q

What is diverticulosis?

A

Pouching of the colon, usually in sigmoid region

30
Q

What is diverticulitis?

A

Inflammation of a divertuli due to infection, probably due to trapped faeces

31
Q

What structures merge at the root of the appendix?

A

The three taeniae coli

32
Q

From where does the appendicular artery originate?

A

Iliocolic artery

33
Q

Why is it dangerous to use laxatives in cases of suspected appendicitis?

A

They can cause vigorous contraction of the gut wall, which could rupture an inflamed appendix

34
Q

Where is the site of maximum tenderness in appendicitis?

A

McBurney’s Point (surface marking of the appendix)

Lies one third of the way along the imaginary line from the ASIS to the umbilicus

35
Q

How can appendicitis lead to pain in the right shoulder?

A

Pus from an appendix abscess can track upwards in the right paracolic gutter to reach the subphrenic space. Irritation of the diaphragm leads to shoulder pain

36
Q

If a surgeon needs to mobilise the ascending colon (e.g. during an appendectomy) which side should they incise?

A

The lateral side

Many vessels approach the medial side of the colon. Lateral resection avoids damaging these blood vessels

37
Q

At what vertebral level is the superior mesenteric artery given off the aorta?

A

L1

38
Q

What is the relationship between the superior mesenteric artery and the duodenum?

A

SMA descends over the third part of the duodenum, it’s first branch supplies the duodenum (inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery)

39
Q

Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

40
Q

What are the branches of the SMA?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal

Jejunal branches

Ileal branches

Ileocolic

Right colic

Middle colic

Anatomy of Abdomen and Pelvis (7 decks)

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