Abdominal Cavity and Peritoneal Reflections Flashcards
Which nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?
Thoracoabdominal nerves:
Intercostals
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
What characteristic does suspension by a mesentery confer on a suspended organ?
Mobility: ability to change size/length
When in situ, which abdominal organs lie retroperitoneally?
Duodenum Kidneys Caecum Ascending colon Descending colon Rectum
What is the falciform ligament?
Peritoneal ligament running from anterior wall of abdominal cavity to the liver
What is contained in the free border of the falciform ligament?
Ligamentum teres
Of what is the ligamentum teres a remnant?
Umbilical vein
What is an adhesion?
Pathological connection between GI tract and the parietal peritoneum or other viscus
What is attached to the posterior surface of the greater omentum?
Transverse colon
What attaches the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall?
Transverse mesocolon
The transverse mesocolon divides the abdominal cavity into what compartments?
Supracolic and infracolic
The right extremity of the transverse colon is known as the __?__
Hepatic flexure
The left extremity of the transverse colon is known as the __?__
Splenic flexure
What space lies between the liver and diaphragm? What structure divides this space into left and right sides?
Subphrenic space, divided by falciform ligament
What structure delimits the subphrenic space superiorly?
Coronary ligament
What space lies between the inferior border of the liver and the transverse mesocolon?
Subhepatic channel
What is the hepatorenal pouch and what is its clinical significance?
Lowest abdominal space when lying supine
Free fluid and pus can collect here when laid supine
Which three structures are enclosed in the free border of the lesser omentum?
Hepatic artery (anterior left) Bile duct (anterior right) Portal vein (posterior)
(aka portal triad)
What is the embryological origin of the lesser omentum?
Ventral mesogastrium
What is the name of the opening into the lesser sac (or omental bursa)?
Epiploic foramen
What structure(s) form the anterior margin of the epiploic foramen?
Portal triad
What structure(s) form the posterior margin of the epiploic foramen?
Inferior vena cava
What structure(s) form the superior margin of the epiploic foramen?
Caudate lobe
What structure(s) form the posterior margin of the epiploic foramen?
1st part of duodenum
How many layer of peritoneum make up the greater omentum?
Depends at which level:
Between greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon: 6 layers
Inferior to transverse colon: 4 layers
What structure attaches the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?
Gastrosplenic ligament (part of greater omentum)
What structure attaches the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall?
Lienorenal ligament (attaches in region of left kidney)
In which ligament does the terminal part of the splenic artery run?
Terminal part of splenic artery runs in lienorenal ligament to reach the spleen
On which side of the transverse colon would you find the phrenicocolic ligament?
Left
Suspends splenic flexure from diaphragm
Where would you find the paracolic gutters?
Lateral to ascending and descending colons
Which part of the small intestine does not have any mesentery?
Duodenum
Where does the attachment of the mesentery begin in the small intestine?
Duodenojejunal flexure
What is the root of the mesentery?
The attachment of the mesentery to the posterior abdominal wall
The infracolic compartment, between the ascending and descending parts of the colon, is divided into left and right parts by the oblique attachment of the mesentery
Which side of the infracolic compartment communicates with the pelvis?
Left
What is the mesocolon? What vessels does it contain?
Mesentery that suspends the appendix from the terminal ileum.
Contains appendicular artery, branch of the iliocolic
Which peritoneal pouch(es) can be found in males?
Rectovesical
Which peritoneal pouch(es) can be found in females?
Rectouterine (pouch of Douglas) and uterovesical
What is the parasympathetic motor supply to the foregut and midgut?
Vagus
What is the parasympathetic motor supply to the hindgut?
Pelvic splanchnic
What is the parasympathetic motor supply to the bladder?
Pelvic splanchnic
True or false: The vagus nerve would transmit pain information from the foregut?
False - vagus nerve transmits normal sensory information from foregut and midgut, not pain
Pain is transmitted via sympathetic motor supply.
What is the sympathetic motor supply to the abdominal and pelvic viscera?
Greater, lesser, least and lumbar splanchnic nerves
