Stomach and duodenal disorders

Question 1

Consituents of GOR

Answer 1

Bile, bile salts, lysolecithin, acid, pepsin, pancreatic enzymes

Question 2

Described location of heartburn

Answer 2

Just below sternum or between shoulder blades

Question 3

GORD describes which 3 conditions?

Answer 3

Heartburn, oesophagitis, acid reflux (with or without pain)

Question 4

Detection of acid reflux

Answer 4

Mouth or back of throat

Question 5

Consequences of GORD

Answer 5

mucosal damage, oesophagitis, barretts oesophagus, adenocarcinoma

Question 6

Define Barretts oesophagus

Answer 6

Barrett’s Oesophagus is a condition where the normal lining in the gullet becomes very thin and the opening enlarges

Question 7

4 causes of reflux

Answer 7

Weakness of sphincter
High pressure within stomach
High pressure from abdomen
Hiatus hernia

Question 8

Drugs used for reflux relief

Answer 8

H2RA - ranitidine, cimetidine
PPI - omeprazole, lanzoprazole
ProKinetics - metoclopramide, domperidone
Alginates - rafts and viscosity, gaviscon

Question 9

Describe a nissen-fundoplication

Answer 9

fundus of stomach wrapped around distal oesophagus

Question 10

What characterises dyspepsia

Answer 10

Abdominal discomfort, bloating and early satiety

Question 11

Causes of dyspepsia (not serious)

Answer 11

GORD, poor eating habits, smoking, NSAIDS,

Question 12

Serious causes of dyspepsia

Answer 12

Gallbladder inflammation, gastritis, gastropariesis, PUD, h.pylori, cancer, lactose intolerance, IBS

Question 13

Factors usually preventing reflux

Answer 13

Alkaline saliva, peristaltic squeeze, intra-abdominal squeeze, diaphragmatic squeeze, LOES, intragastric squeeze, mucosal choke

Question 14

2 types of gastritis

Answer 14

Chronic atrophic and acute erosive

Question 15

Causes of chronic atrophic gastritis

Answer 15

Hpylori infection, ongoing acute gastritis

Question 16

Describe peptic ulcers

Answer 16

erosion in mucosal lining of stomach and duodenum

Question 17

Resulting scar tissue from peptic ulcers may cause

Answer 17

pyloric stenosis

Question 18

Define pyloric stenosis

Answer 18

Narrowed passage between pylorus and duodenum

Question 19

Consequence of pyloric stenosis

Answer 19

delayed gastric emptying, accumulation of fermented foods causing nausea, vomiting, halitosis.

Question 20

Common causes of peptic ulcers

Answer 20

H.pylori, NSAID use