Stomach

Question 1

Cells which produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Answer 1

Parietal cells

Question 2

Pepsinogen producing cells

Answer 2

Chief cells

Question 3

Cells which produce mucus in the stomach

Answer 3

Mucus neck cells

Question 4

In the body of the stomach these cells which release histamine in response to stimulatory hormones. In the antrum they produce hormones such as gastrin, somatostatin and secretin

Answer 4

Endocrine cells

Question 5

Congenital maldevelopment leads to defects where the stomach together with parts of the intestine and spleen can move into the left thoracic cavity. The stomach can become expanded by swallowed air and compress the lungs leading to death from respiratory failure

Answer 5

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 6

Congenital idiopathic hypertrophy of the circular pyloric muscle causing outflow obstruction of the stomach. Presents 2-3 weeks after birth with projectile vomiting

Answer 6

Pyloric stenosis

Question 7

Patients have autoantibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor and thus present with pernicious anaemia and chronic inflammation in the stomach body mucosa

Answer 7

Autoimmune gastritis

Question 8

Commonest form of chronic inflammation of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative curved rod which binds to the gastric surface epithelium. The bacterium is protected from acidic gastric juice by its capability to neutralize hydrogen ions by urease and ammonia production. Can lead to peptic ulceration and there is an association with developing gastric cancer

Answer 8

Bacterial gastritis

Question 9

Most common cause of acute gastritis, due to NSAIDs, reflux of alkaline bile from duodenum and alcohol

Answer 9

Chemical gastritis

Question 10

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Surface epithelial degeneration

Answer 10

Acute gastritis

Question 11

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Regenerative hyperplasia of pit-lining epithelium

Answer 11

Acute gastritis

Question 12

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Vasodilataion/congestion

Answer 12

Acute gastritis

Question 13

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Neutrophil polymorph response

Answer 13

Acute gastritis

Question 14

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Lymphocyte and plasma cell response

Answer 14

Chronic gastritis

Question 15

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Glandular atrophy

Answer 15

Chronic gastritis

Question 16

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Lamina propria fibrosis

Answer 16

Chronic gastritis

Question 17

Is this a characteristic of acute or chronic gastritis:

Intestinal metaplasia

Answer 17

Chronic gastritis

Question 18

A localised defect extending at least into the submucosa as a result of acid and pepsin attack. Major sites of occurrence are first part of the duodenum, junction between antral and body mucosa in the stomach, distal oesophagus and gastro-enterostomy site.
Complications include haemorrhage, penetration of adjacent organs, perforation, anaemia, obstruction due to strictures and malignancy

Answer 18

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 19

majority are adenocarcinomas. Many will arise on a background of chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Most cases will present when clinically advanced. All gastric ulcers must be regarded as potentially malignant

Answer 19

Stomach carcinoma