Stomach

Question 1

Name and describe 3 congenital malformations of the stomach:

Answer 1

1. Gastroschisis: malformation of the anterior abdominal wall –> exposure of abdominal contents
2. Omphalocele: PERSISTENT herniation of bowel into umbilical cord; failure of intestines to retunr to body cavity during development –> exposure of COVERED contents by peitoneum and amnion of the umbilical cord
3. Pyloric Stenosis: congenital HYPERTROPHY of PYLORIC smooth mus
   - more common in males
   - classic presentation 2 weeks AFTER BIRTH
   - SX: projectile NONBILIOUS vomiting,

visible peristalsis of stomach

Olive-like mass in the abdomen

• TX: myotomy

Question 2

Identify general causes of upper abdominal pain (6):

Answer 2

Gastritis

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Pancreatitis

Biliary Colic

Irritable owel Syndrome (IBS)

(GPGPBI)

Question 3

Differentiate the etiologies between acute and chronic gastritis:

Answer 3

Acute Gastritis: is due to an imbalance between mucosal deferences and acidic enviornment

Chronic Gastritis: Two distinct etiologies - autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells or H. pylori induced acute/chronic inflammation