Stoichiometry Flashcards

1
Q

Exothermic:

A

Energy is released.

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2
Q

Endothermic:

A

Energy is absorbed.

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3
Q

Evidence of a chemical reaction:

A

Colour change, light given off, heat released/absorbed, smell, formation of precipitate or a gas, smoke.

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4
Q

Formation:

A

A + B = AB

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5
Q

Decomposition:

A

AB = A + B

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6
Q

Combustion:

A

Compound + oxygen = oxide products

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7
Q

Single replacement:

A

AB + C = A + BC

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8
Q

Double replacement:

A

AB + CD = AD + CB

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9
Q

Sig digs of adding and subtracting:

A

Round to the least number of decimal places found in the question.

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10
Q

Sig digs of multiplying and dividing:

A

Round to the least number of sig digs in the question.

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11
Q

What are the five main combustion products?

A

CO2, H2O, NO2, SO2, and a metal+O

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12
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass:

A

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. For example, the carbon atom in coal becomes carbon dioxide when it is burned. The carbon atom changes from a solid structure to gas but its mass does not change.

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13
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy:

A

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another. This means that a system always has the same amount of energy unless it’s added from the outside. For example, an object falling from a certain height converts its potential energy to kinetic energy and at all instant total mechanical energy remains constant.

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14
Q

How do you convert atoms to moles?

A

of atoms / molar mass of element(s)

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15
Q

How do you convert moles to atoms?

A

of mols x (6.02 x 10^23)

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16
Q

Gravity Filtration:

A

Gravity filtration filters impurities from solutions by using gravity to pull liquid through a filter. The two main kinds of filtration used in laboratories are gravity and vacuum/suction.

17
Q

Percent error/difference:

A

|Predicted-Experimental| / Predicted x 100

18
Q

Glucose:

A

C6H12O6

19
Q

Sucrose:

A

C12H22O11

20
Q

Methanol:

A

CH3OH

21
Q

Ethanol:

A

C2H5OH

22
Q

Ammonia:

A

NH3

23
Q

Methane:

A

CH4

24
Q

Propane:

A

C3H8

25
Q

Hydrogen Peroxide:

A

H2O2

26
Q

Water:

A

H2O

27
Q

Factors that limit experimental yield:

A

The transfer of chemicals, rinsing precipitate can dissolve product, Filtrate passes through the filter paper, chemicals aren’t 100% pure, reactions don’t always proceed to completion.