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Psych IA1 memory things > STM & LTM Memory > Flashcards

STM & LTM Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the process of memory?

A
  1. encoding
  2. storage
  3. retrieval
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2
Q

what is encoding memory

A

putting info into a for to fit with your personal system; you can’t code something you weren’t paying attention to

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3
Q

what is the function of storing memory

A

to maintain endocded info in either STM or LTM

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4
Q

what is retrieving memory

A

getting info back from LTM to use in working memory

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5
Q

What is the Multistore model of memory and who suggested it

and what year

A

suggested by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
1. sensory
2. short term
3. long term

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6
Q

what is sensory memory

A

info in the environment that is received by our sense

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7
Q

what are the functions of sensory memory

A
  1. prevents us form being overwhelmed with stimulus - we filter it to what we pay attention to
  2. the rapid decay of sensory info allows us to constantly be receiving new incoming info
  3. allows us to perceive the world as smooth and ongoing
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8
Q

sensory memory

what is iconic memory - duration and capacity

A

visual memory (of sensory memory)
duration: 0.3 seconds
capacity: unlimited - this allows us to see and make sense of the world

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9
Q

sensory memory

what is echoic memory - duration and capacity

A

auditory memory - hearing
duration: 3-4 secs
capacity: unlimited - this allows to retain the sounds of words long enough to understand the whole phrase that has been spoken

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10
Q

what is short term memory

A

receives info from both sensory and long-term memory stores

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11
Q

what is short term memory - duration and capacity

A

duration: 12-30 seconds
Capacity: 5-9 pieces of info
–> trying to remember more than 9 things in more than 30 secs STM is unreliable

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12
Q

what is maintenance rehearsal

A

used to retain info in STM by repeating info over and over to stay in STM but is usually transferred into LTM

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13
Q

what is elaborative rehearsal

A

Gives meaning to info and links to other info in our memory to give it a personal meaning

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14
Q

what is chunking

A

grouping items together to improve memory capacity - allows the info to occupy each of those spaces more clearly in memory

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15
Q

what is mnemonics

A

a strategy that can be used to strengthen memory - visualisation, rhythm and rhyme

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16
Q

what is the method of loci

A

uses spatial memory to aid in quickly recalling info - sherlock holmes’ memory palace

17
Q

what is SQ4R

A

survey, question, read, recite, relate and review

a guide on how to study well

18
Q

what is long term memory

A

encoded info that is retrievable (as long as you know about it) and is encoded by its meaning and stored in semantic memory - to make sense of the world

19
Q

what is long term memory - duration and capacity

A

difficult to know the full duration or capacity in LTM as many people have a stronger memory so they can retain and retrieve info more readily

20
Q

how to retreive info from LTM

A

Retrieval cues can help previously forgotten memories to suddenly return, a mental reminder/prompt to aid recollection

21
Q

What is procedural memory

A

it is the “How To” memories which occur after practising tasks, skills or actions - IMPLICIT

22
Q

what is declarative memory

A

facts, events and/or general knowledge - can be further split into:
1. epidoic memory
2. semantic memory

explicit

23
Q

what is episodic memory

A

personalised memories of events - autobiographical memory, to reminding yourself to do something in the future

24
Q

what is semantic memory

A

memories of facts and knowledge

25
Q

define explicit memory

A

a conscious retrieval of memory - recall and recognition of facts, names and events - declarative memory

26
Q

define implicit memory

A

unconscious retrieval of memory - skills and movements that first need to be practised - procedural

27
Q

long term memory

what are the different working models of memory

braddeley and hitch 1974

A

phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive and episodic buffer

28
Q

what is the purpose of phonological loop

where does it stand

A

a storage system for auditory info, recieves info from echoic sensory and retains sounds long enough to understand them - inner ear and inner voice

29
Q

what is the function of the visuospatial sketchpad

A

storage system for visual info in STM, allows us to see/keep an image in our minds as we process other things

functions differently between different people

30
Q

what is the function of the central executive

include inhibiting, switich and updating

A

responsible for switching attention from one task to another; it decides what goes into or out of the LTM by using inhibiting, switiching and updating methods to organse and make big decisions

31
Q

what is the function of the episodic buffer

A

acts as a bridge and filter between LTM and central executive and storage components

32
Q

what are the strengths of the working model of memory

evaluate

A

ability to store and actively process info simultaneously,
a lot of suppporting research on the WMM –> supports real life experiences when usuing visual info to remember
explains a wider range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing
episodic buffer explains how we time order memories of events

33
Q

what are the limitations to the working model of memory

A

the CE is the most important but we dont have direct/enough research on it
eppisodic buffer not yet well understood
most research eprformed in lab - reduced eco validiity
not a lot of research because its difficult to research cognitive processing
cross cultural studies show influene of other factors like levels of schooling

34
Q

what is the function of the levels of processing

role of encoding info in LTM

A

MoM suggests memory comprises of a continuous dimension which is encoded relating to the ease with which info can be retreived - the deeper the processing on info the greater the chance of it being retrieved and stay in LTM

MoM - model of memory

35
Q

what are the 3 LoP

A

structural, moderate and deep

36
Q

iconic images are considereed to be those that register in which type of memory?

A

Sensory memory

37
Q

What does ‘levels of processing model of memory’ refer to?

A

associations between new knowledge and previous knowledge

38
Q

which order represents the order of processing form the most shallow to the most deep

A

structural, phonemic, semantic

Psych IA1 memory things (5 decks)

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