STIs and congenital and perinatal infection (W31 and 32) Flashcards
Which cells does gonorrhoea attach to?
Columnar epithelium of the cervix or urethra
What is the likely presentation of gonorrhoea in a female?
asypmtomatic
What % of people with gonorrhoea also have chlamydia?
50%
G- diplococci in neutrophils, oxidase +, in the cervical smear of an STI patient. What’s the organism?
N. gonorrhoeae
What is the EIA syphillis test?
Detects abs to T. pallidum, therefore will be pos from time of infection for the rest of their life.
What does a + result on the EIA syph test mean?
Present infection or past, treated infection.
What is the RPR syphillis test?
Measures antibodies produced to proteins unearthed by syph induced tissue damage.
What does a + result on the RPR syph test mean?
Active infection or a false +
Interpret this syph result: EIA-, RPR+
false +, no infection
Interpret this syph test: EIA+ RPR-
past, treated infection
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
cephtriaxone (cephalosporin)
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
azithromycin or erythromycin tetracycline: have to get into cells.
What is the treatment for T. pallidum?
beta lactam, penecillin
If a serology test looking for Abs against X is negative, what could this mean? (4)
- Never been exposed to X
- Can’t make abs (immunosuppressed)
- Too early in infection for Abs
- Test isn’t sensitive enough
If a serology test looking for Abs against X is +, what could this mean? (4)
- Had X
- Immunised against X
- Had something similar to X with shared antigens
- Has something that stimulates a polyclonal ab response eg EBV
What is the gram of C. trachomatis?
Gram- with no cell wall therefore un gram-stainable.
What is an elementary body of C. trachomatis?
Infectious agent, non-replicating, hardy
What is a reticulate body of C. trachomatis?
Intracellular,replicating form
What does + HBsAg result indicate?
HbS is found on the surface of the virus but is also produced in vast excess by infected hepatocytes and found in the
blood–> current HBV infection
What does + anti- HBs indicate?
Immunity to HBV from vaccine or prior infection
What does + HBeAg indicate?
Actively replicating HBV
What does + anti-HBe indicate?
Cleared HBV infection
What does + anti-HBc IgM indicate?
Recent HBV infection
What does + anti-HBc IgG indicate?
Past or chronic/ latent HBV
Multiple painful genital blisters- which likely STI?
Herpes simplex virus 1
One non-painful genital lesion- which likely STI?
Syph
What cells will you see on cell culture in HSV2 patient?
Multinuclear giant cells
What % of primary HSV2 infections are symptomatic?
70%
What’s the treatment for HSV2?
Acyclovir
What is the common presentation of Rubella (2)?
erythematous maculopapular rash and enlarged LNs down back of neck
What are the outcomes of infection in pregnancy with rubella (4)?
- opthalmological effects
- cardiac effects
- auditory effects
- late neurological effects
What are the outcomes of infection in pregnancy with parvovirus B19?
Foetal death: virus targets developing RBCs
What is the treatment for the foetus of a mother infected with parvovirus B19?
Blood transfusion to foetus
What does the FBE of a patient with CMV look like?
Leucocytosis, 49% lymphocytes, and presence of atypical mononuclear cells.
