Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > STIs > Flashcards

STIs Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of infections which can be transmitted sexually but aren’t STIs

A
  • Hep A
  • Hep C
  • Zika
  • Giardiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Difference between STI and STD

A
  • STI - infection which is predominantly sexually transmitted
    • Chlamydia trachomatis
    • HIV
  • STD - disease caused by infection
  • HPV is STI and warts is the STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General principles of STI

A
  • If have one, risk of having others
  • Most symptomatic - detection difficult
  • Delay in diagnosis can lead to increased transmission and complications
  • Can be traumatising
  • Partner contact essential
  • MD approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cause of gonorrhoea

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Male symptoms of gonorrhoea

A
  • 10% no symptoms (might have clinical signs)
  • Thick profuse yellow discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Rectal and pharyngeal infections often asymptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Female symptoms of gonorrhoea

A
  • >50% have no symptoms
  • Vaginal discharge
  • dysuria
  • Intermenstural/post-coital bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Male complications of gonorrhoea

A
  • Epididymitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

female complications of gonorrhoea

A
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Bartholin’s abscess [Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatrium]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Both complications of gonorrhoea

A
  • Rare
    • Acute monoarthritis - usually elbow or shoulder
    • Disseminated gonococcal infection - skin lesions (pustular with halo)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Incubation period of gonorrhoea

A
  • Average 5-6 days
  • Range from 2 days - 2 weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epidemiology of gonorrhoea

A
  • Approx. 150 cases/year in Grampian
  • Much less common than chlamydia
  • Most cases men, often MSM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnosis of gonorrhoea

A
  • Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab from site
    • vagina, rectum, throat - clinician or self obtained
  • Gram-stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people
  • Culture of swab-obtained specimen from an exposed site using highly selective lysed blood agar in a 5% CO2 environment
    • Should be done for all confirmed cases to assess antibiotic sensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea

A
  • Blind treatment with ceftriaxone 1g im
  • Can also be treated according to sensitivities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Follow up of gonorrhoea

A
  • Test of cure at 2 weeks
  • Test of reinfection at 3 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cause of chlamydia

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D to K
  • The rare Serovar L2b, which causes Lymphogranuloma venereum, usually gives symptoms of severe proctitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Male symptoms of chlamydia

A
  • >70% asymptomatic
  • Slightly watery discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Female symptoms of chlamydia

A
  • >80% asymptomatic
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Dysuria
  • Intermenstrual/post-coital bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Both symptoms of chlamydia

A
  • conjuctivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Male complications of chlamydia

A
  • Epididymitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Female complications of chlamydia

A
  • PID - hence ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain and infertility
  • Only 1% infertility problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Both complications of chlamydia

A
  • Reactive arthritis/Reiter’s syndrome
    • Urethritis/cervicitis + conjuctivitis+ arthritis
22
Q

Epidemiology of chlamydia

A
  • Common - approx 2000 cases/year in Grampian
  • Most cases people <25, especially sexually active teenage women
23
Q

Diagnosis of chlamydia

A
  • First void urine in men
  • Self-taken or clinician-taken swab from cervix, urethra, rectum
  • All specimens testing using NAAT
24
Q

Treatment of chlamydia

A
  • Doxycycline 100mg bd 1 week
  • Azithromycin 1g po once if pregnant
25
Q

Follow up of chlamydia

A
  • test for reinfection at 3-12 months
  • test of cure not needed unless symptoms persist
26
Q

What causes herpes

A
  • HSV 1 & 2
27
Q

Symptoms of herpes

A
  • 80% have no symptoms - the rest recurring
  • Burning/itching then blistering then tender ulceration
  • Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy, flu-like symptoms
  • Dysuria, neuralgic pain in back, pelvis, legs
28
Q

Complications of herpes

A
  • Autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention)
  • Neonatal infection
  • Secondary infection
29
Q

Incubation period of herpes

A
  • About 5 days to months
  • Some never report symptoms
30
Q

Epidemiology of herpes

A
  • Very common - 15-20%
  • Both strains equally as common in genital infection
  • Roughly equal between sexes
  • HSV2 is important co-factor for HIV transmission
31
Q

Diagnosis of herpes

A
  • clinical impression Swab from lesion tested using PCR
32
Q

Treatment of herpes

A
  • Primary outbreak
    • Aciclovir: various regimes e.g. 400mg tds for 5 days
    • Lidocaine ointment
  • Infrequent recurrence
    • Lidocaine ointment
    • Aciclovir 1.2g once daily until symptoms gone (1-3 days)
  • Frequent recurrence
    • Aciclovir 400bd long-term suppression
33
Q

Cause of trichomoniasis

A
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
34
Q

Male symptoms of trichomoniasis

A
  • Usually asymptomatic
35
Q

Female symptoms of trichomoniasis

A
  • 10-30% asymptomatic
  • Profuse thin vaginal discharge - greenish, frothy and foul-smelling
  • Vulvitis
36
Q

Epidemiology of trichomoniasis

A
  • Uncommon approx 100/year in Grampian
  • More common in middle age women than some other STIs
37
Q

Complications of trichomoniasis

A
  • Miscarriage and pre-term labour
38
Q

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis

A
  • Metronidazole
39
Q

Cause of anogenital warts

A
  • HPV type 6&11 (occasionally 1)
    • Different to strains that cause cervical cancer
40
Q

Symptoms of anogenital warts

A
  • Lumps with a surface texture of a small cauliflower
  • Occasionally itching or bleeding especially perianal or intraurethral
41
Q

Epidemiology of anogenital warts

A
  • >90% have HPV infection at some point
    • only 20% of those with wart causing strain get warts
  • Drop in cases anticipated due to vaccine
42
Q

Complications of anogenital warts

A
  • None common
  • Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis
43
Q

Diagnosis of anogenital warts

A
  • Appearance
  • Biopsy if unusual - to exclude intraepithelial neoplasia
44
Q

Treatment of anogenital warts

A
  • Popophyllotoxin (brans warticon and condyline), imiquimod (bran Aldara)
    • Both home treatments
  • Others - cryotherapy
  • Bulkywarts - diathermy, scissor removal
45
Q

Cause of syphilis

A
  • treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
46
Q

Symptoms of syphilis

A
  • Diverse
  • Often entirely asymptomatic or mild symptoms which go unreported
  • Primary - often ulcer
  • Secondary - rash, mucosal ulceration, neuro symptoms, patchy alopecia
  • Early latent - no symptoms but <2 years since caught
  • Late latent - no symptoms but >2 years since caught
  • Tertiary - neurological, cardiovascular or gummatous - skin lesions
47
Q

Epidemiology of syphilis

A
  • Approx. 20 cases/year in Grampian
  • >90% cases MSM
48
Q

Complications of syphilis

A
  • Neurosyphilis - cranial nerve palsies are commonest, cardiac or aortal involvement
  • Congenital syphilis (rare)
49
Q

Incubation of syphilis

A
  • 9-90 days until appearance of chancre but can be asymptomatic
50
Q

Diagnosis of syphilis

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Serology for TP IgEIA, TPPA and RPR
  • PCR on samples from an ulcer
51
Q

Treatment of syphilis

A
  • Early (<2 years and no neurological involvement)
    • Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU im once
    • Or doxycycline 100mg bd po 2 weeks
  • Late (>2 years) an no neurological involvement
    • Benzathine penicillin 2.4 MU im weekly for 3 doses
    • Doxycycline 100mg bd po 28 days

Repro (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions