STIs

Question 1

Chlamydia - symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 1

Bacterial infection
often asymptomatic - can be increased discharge/abnormal bleeding, dysuria (Like UTIs)
incubation 7-21 days
complications - PID = ectopic pregnancy
in pregnancy due to ascending infection - preterm, low birthweight, PP endometritis
management for mum - azithromycin 1g stat PO - re test in 4-6 weeks

Question 2

Chlamydia - baby

Answer 2

Risk of transmission 20-50%
complications - Conjunctivitus 50%, pneumonitis 15%, middle ear infection
treatment ABX

Question 3

Gonorrhoea symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 3

Coinfection with chlamydia common
Symptoms - asymptomatic, bleeding, increased discharge, UTI symptoms, cervicitis (inflammation of cervix with discharge)
Bacterial
incubation time 2-5 days
ascending prenatal or perinatal
complications in pregnancy, PROM preterm birth, low birth weight, PP endometritis
Treatment - Ceftriaxone 500mg stat UOQ of buttock & azithromycin 1g stat (contact STI clinic due potential abx resistance)

Question 4

Gonorrhoea- baby

Answer 4

transmission risk 50%
causes conjunctivitis (can lead to permanent loss of vision), localized infections (FSE), sepsis, meningitis

Question 5

Trichomonas vaginalis, symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 5

most common non-viral STI (protozoa)
symptoms - asymptomic, vaginal discharges, vulvitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, vulval erythema, pruritis, strawberry cervix & Frothy discharge (identifying features)
Complications - PROM, preterm birth , low birthweight
Treatment - Metronidazole 2g stat (recommended in pregnancy)

Question 6

Trichomonas - baby

Answer 6

infrequent in neonate - risk of transmission 5%
symptoms - vaginitis, UTi, pneumonia
treatment metronidazole

Question 7

Syphilis - symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 7

Bacterial
symptoms - often asymptomtic - specialist follow up
symptoms could be - genital ulcers, rash, flu like symptoms alopecia
treatment: benzylpenicillin IM 2.4 million units once weekly for 3 doses
complications - preterm birth, perinatal death, IUGR, miscarriage/stillbirth

Question 8

Syphilis baby

Answer 8

Early - Rash, pneumonia, discharge from nose, hepatomegaly

Late - Blindness, Deafness/neurological impairment, bone deformities, teeth deformities

Question 9

Herpes symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications.

Answer 9

two types
type 1 - coldsores etc
type 2 - genitals
symptoms - painful ulcerations, discomfort, blisters, dysuria
Complications - constipations, urinary retention, meningitis, fetal demise, miscarriage, preterm birth
Viral (green top swab)
Treatment - valaciclovir & referral

Question 10

Herpes - baby

Answer 10

presents between day 5-21
Localized lesions - skin, eyes, or mouth
CNS disease - meningoencephalitis
Sepsis - high mortality rate

Question 11

HPV, symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 11

Symtpoms - genital warts
treatment - cryotherapy - LSCS if warts are big and obstructing birth canal
transmission uncommon in newborn - if transmission occurs symptoms appear at 2-3 years

Question 12

BV symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 12

Symptoms - abnormal discharge and fishy smell
Complications - PROM, preterm birth, PP endometritis
Tested with HVS
treated metronidazole
Imbalance of the normal vaginal flora - rise in vaginal pH

Question 13

Vulvovaginal candidiasis - candida albicans, symptoms, treatment, bacterial or viral , incubation time, complications

Answer 13

symptoms -white discharge, and itchy
treatment - canesten - clotrimazole
systemic for babies (mouuth, bum , vagina)