Stimulus Control and Generalization

Question 1

Stimulus control occurs when…

Answer 1

the rate, latency, duration of response is altered in the presence of an antecedent stimulus.

Question 2

Stimulus control is acquired when…

Answer 2

Responses are reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus (Sd) and not in the presence of other stimuli (S^).

Question 3

Sd -> response -> Sr+

Answer 3

phone rings -> pick up phone -> conversation

Question 4

S^ -> response -> S

Answer 4

doorbell -> pick up phone -> no conversation

Question 5

A class of behaviour created through differential reinforcement with respect to stimulus properties.

Answer 5

Discriminated operant

Question 6

Events that precede operants and set the occasion for the behaviour to occur.

Answer 6

Discriminative stimuli

Question 7

Discrimination training

Answer 7

Two antecedent stimuli (Sd and S^).

Responses that occur in presence of Sd are reinforced, and responses that occur in presence of S^ are not.

Question 8

Stimuli that share similar physical characteristics with the controlling stimulus evokes the same behaviour as the controlling stimulus.

Answer 8

Stimulus generalization

Question 9

The spread of effects of reinforcement during one stimulus to another stimulus differing from the original along one or more physical dimensions.

Answer 9

Generalization

Question 10

Little discrimination =

Answer 10

more generalization

Question 11

Greater discrimination =

Answer 11

less generalization

Question 12

Successive procedure

Answer 12

Sd and S^ alternate usually randomly

Question 13

Simultaneous procedure

Answer 13

Sd and S^ presented at the same time

Question 14

Matching-to-sample

Answer 14

select from two or more comparison stimuli.

Question 15

3 elements of simple discrimination

Answer 15

Discriminative stimulus, response, and consequence

Question 16

4 elements of conditional discrimination

Answer 16

Conditional stimuli, antecedent stimuli, responses, and consequences.

Question 17

Arbitrary

Answer 17

Researcher decides the links between the stimuli

Question 18

Non-arbitrary

Answer 18

Physical similarity controls the response.

Question 19

Error-less discrimination training

Answer 19

Start with the Sd and gradually introduce S^

Question 20

Stimulus generalization within a class of stimuli and stimulus discrimination between classes of stimuli

Answer 20

Concept formation

Question 21

Pigeons tested with novel pictures of people and trees. Showed concept-formation

Answer 21

Herrnstein et al (1976)

Question 22

Chickens and grey coloured squares

Answer 22

Kohler (1939)

Question 23

Feature stimulus class

Answer 23

Share common physical forms, relative relationship and developed through stimulus generalization.

Question 24

Arbitrary stimulus class

Answer 24

No common features, developed using stimulus equivalence.

Question 25

A prerequisite skill for stimulus control. May need to be taught before stimulus control procedures are implemented.

Answer 25

Pre-attending skills

Question 26

Prominence of the stimulus in the environment. Increases rate of acquisition.

Answer 26

Stimulus salience

Question 27

Mask a response due to your previous history with that stimulus

Answer 27

Masking

Question 28

One stimulus is more prominent than others and so is responded to.

Answer 28

Overshadowing