Stimuli that cause salivation

Question 1

Catecholamine fluorescence shows …… nerves

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

Acetyl cholinesterase shows …….. nerves

Answer 2

parasympathetic

Question 3

Saliva is low with ……. to allow taste

Answer 3

NaCl

Question 4

Where are the tongue is the most taste buds

Answer 4

circumvallate papilla

Question 5

In 1916 Lashley studied masticatory-salivary reflex and showed that when chewing on one side the ……….. flow was greater than the ………. flow

Answer 5

ipsilateral

contralateral

Question 6

Early stages in olfaction, what is: orthonasal

retronasal

Answer 6

orthonasal - smell/enviroment/assessing food

retronasal - assessing processed foods

Question 7

What glands are nasal secretions made by

Answer 7

bowmans glands

Question 8

What contains mucins, secretory antibodies, proteins + odorant binding proteins

Answer 8

nasal secretions

Question 9

What do odorant binding proteins do?

Answer 9

pick up different smells + transport through mucus to receptors

Question 10

What happens when olfactory transduction pathway ON

Answer 10

• odorant binding
• adenlyl cyclase increases cAMP which opens the Na/Ca channel
• depolarising the cell (and starts the nerve impulse).
• Ano 2 chloride channel, activated by the calcium influx helps to amplify the signal

Question 11

The two main taste receptors

Answer 11

Type 2 + Type 3

Question 12

What happens when olfactory transduction pathway OFF

Answer 12

• Raised Ca levels reactive Na/Ca channel
• NCKX4 removes Ca in mitochondria
• Extracellular proteases remove odorant from receptor
  (this process is important to prevent over-stimulations)