STILL STUFF I NEED TO KNOW

Question 1

Bottom-Up Approach

Answer 1

Attempts to explain underlying causes of functional deficits

• consideration of specific client factors and performance skills
• Often administered in artificial, standardized contexts
• May not be meaningful to child’s perspective
• Often isolated from meaningful daily occupations

Question 2

Top-Down Approach

Answer 2

• Begins with consideration of occupational performance
• Looks at roles, habits, time use, interests, or routines
• Involves interviewing child and family
• Seeks to understand perspective, priorities strengths, and needs
• Also considers environmental supports available to participate in daily occupation

Question 3

Predictive Assessment

Answer 3

Expected future performance

Question 4

Discriminative Assessment

Answer 4

Children not performing as well as peers

Question 5

Descriptive Assessment

Answer 5

Status in a particular area

-Description of strengths and limitations

Question 6

Evaluating Assessment

Answer 6

-Multiple administrations to detect change

Question 7

Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
Why are they used

Answer 7

• Assist with medical or educational diagnosis
• Documents development and functional status
• Planning of intervention programs
• Measurements for research studies

Question 8

Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
Characteristics

Answer 8

• Test manual (purpose, population, technical information, administration, scoring, interpretation)
• Fixed: number of items; protocol for administering; guideline for scoring.

Question 9

Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
types

Answer 9

Norm-referenced

-Criterion-Referenced

Question 10

Becoming a Competent Test User

Answer 10

• Choosing the right test
• Learning the test
• Checking inter-rater reliability
• Selecting and preparing the optimal testing environment
• Administering test items (be prepared and flexible)
• Interpreting the test
• ->Does test performance represent typical performance ?
• ->Do results agree with parent/teacher/teacher report?
• ->Are results Complete?
• Evaluating the clinical usefulness of the test

Question 11

Advantages of Standardized testing

Answer 11

Well-known and commercially available

• Common interdisciplinary language
• Monitor Developmental Progress

Question 12

Disadvantages of Standardized Tests

Answer 12

• Cannot be stand-alone measure
• Provide only brief “snapshot” of functioning
• Tests situations are artificial and not accurate representation of daily functioning

Question 13

Standardized tests summary

Answer 13

• Provide uniformity for administration and scoring
• Allows interdisciplinary teams to “speak the same language”
• They are norm-referenced tests that compare child’s performance to that of the “normal” population
• Are completed in artificial environment and may not reflect performance in the “real world”
• Require that user be knowledge about reliability and validity and consider this when interpreting the tests results

Question 14

Using the CP< with children

Issues

Answer 14

1. Legitimacy of the child’s viewpoint
   - ->Capability of children to self-evaluate
   - ->defining who the “client is”
2. Including other key stakeholders in the assessment process
   - ->varying responses if completed with multiple people
3. Changes to administration of COPM
   - -> to meet development level and ability

Question 15

Pediatric Activity Card Sort

Answer 15

Age: 5-14 years
Diagnosis: any diagnosis as long as the child has a developmental age of 4 years and can respond to pictures and questions
Administration time: 20-25 minutes

Question 16

Ensuring Occupational Focus Evaluation

Answer 16

Receiving referral identifying problem
-Identify occupational-based concerns with child/family school
-Complete assessment of occupations
(plan/administer/score/interpret/disseminate)
-Collaborative goal setting
-Plan, support, re-evaluate intervention

Question 17

Developmental

Answer 17

Identifies the level of motor (gross, fine, oral) social, emotional, and cognitive skills in which a child engages and targets to help child advance

Question 18

Biomechanical

Answer 18

-Based on concepts of kinesiology, this FOR evaluates and intervenes regarding range of motion (ROM), strength, and endurance. This approach focuses on the physical limitations that interfere with the child’s ability to engage in occupation

Question 19

Motor Control/Motor Leanring

Answer 19

Motor control examines how one directs and regulates movement whereas motor learning theory describes how children learn movements. This approach is based on dynamic systems theory that many factors influence movement and must be consider in intervention.

Question 20

Rehabilitation

Answer 20

Them rehabilitation approach allows a person to return to previous occupations and adaptations. It provides a more immediate return by changing how the person completes occupations, including the use of adaptive equipment. This top-down approach focuses on client’s strengths and adapts tasks to compensate for limitations

Question 21

Neurodevelopmental

Answer 21

Technique developed by Karel and Berta Bobath to help children with functional limitations due to neuropathology, primary children with functional limitations due to neuropathology, primarily children with cerebral palsy. The goal of NDT is to help children perform skilled movements more efficiently so they can carry out life skills.

Question 22

Aryes Sensory Integration

Answer 22

The organization of sensory input to produce an adaptive response; a theoretical process and intervention approach; addressing the processing of sensory information from the body and the environment; includes modulating discriminating, and integrating, sensory information in order to produce meaningful adaptive responses

Question 23

Behavioural (includes Applied Behaviour Analysis)

Answer 23

Behaviour is reinforced with a reward

Question 24

Cognitive

Answer 24

Emphasizes the child to identify, develop, and use cognitive strategies to perform daily occupations effectively. Based on Bandura’s work on importance of self-efficacy and establishing goals to motivate child to achieve

Question 25

Cognitive Behavioural

Answer 25

Cognitive behavioural approach suggests that one’s thoughts, and feelings (emotions, moods, psychological responses) influence behaviours within the environment.