STILL STUFF I NEED TO KNOW Flashcards
Bottom-Up Approach
Attempts to explain underlying causes of functional deficits
- consideration of specific client factors and performance skills
- Often administered in artificial, standardized contexts
- May not be meaningful to child’s perspective
- Often isolated from meaningful daily occupations
Top-Down Approach
- Begins with consideration of occupational performance
- Looks at roles, habits, time use, interests, or routines
- Involves interviewing child and family
- Seeks to understand perspective, priorities strengths, and needs
- Also considers environmental supports available to participate in daily occupation
Predictive Assessment
Expected future performance
Discriminative Assessment
Children not performing as well as peers
Descriptive Assessment
Status in a particular area
-Description of strengths and limitations
Evaluating Assessment
-Multiple administrations to detect change
Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
Why are they used
- Assist with medical or educational diagnosis
- Documents development and functional status
- Planning of intervention programs
- Measurements for research studies
Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
Characteristics
- Test manual (purpose, population, technical information, administration, scoring, interpretation)
- Fixed: number of items; protocol for administering; guideline for scoring.
Bottom-Up approach
Standardized Tests
types
Norm-referenced
-Criterion-Referenced
Becoming a Competent Test User
- Choosing the right test
- Learning the test
- Checking inter-rater reliability
- Selecting and preparing the optimal testing environment
- Administering test items (be prepared and flexible)
- Interpreting the test
- ->Does test performance represent typical performance ?
- ->Do results agree with parent/teacher/teacher report?
- ->Are results Complete?
- Evaluating the clinical usefulness of the test
Advantages of Standardized testing
Well-known and commercially available
- Common interdisciplinary language
- Monitor Developmental Progress
Disadvantages of Standardized Tests
- Cannot be stand-alone measure
- Provide only brief “snapshot” of functioning
- Tests situations are artificial and not accurate representation of daily functioning
Standardized tests summary
- Provide uniformity for administration and scoring
- Allows interdisciplinary teams to “speak the same language”
- They are norm-referenced tests that compare child’s performance to that of the “normal” population
- Are completed in artificial environment and may not reflect performance in the “real world”
- Require that user be knowledge about reliability and validity and consider this when interpreting the tests results
Using the CP< with children
Issues
- Legitimacy of the child’s viewpoint
- ->Capability of children to self-evaluate
- ->defining who the “client is” - Including other key stakeholders in the assessment process
- ->varying responses if completed with multiple people - Changes to administration of COPM
- -> to meet development level and ability
Pediatric Activity Card Sort
Age: 5-14 years
Diagnosis: any diagnosis as long as the child has a developmental age of 4 years and can respond to pictures and questions
Administration time: 20-25 minutes
Ensuring Occupational Focus Evaluation
Receiving referral identifying problem
-Identify occupational-based concerns with child/family school
-Complete assessment of occupations
(plan/administer/score/interpret/disseminate)
-Collaborative goal setting
-Plan, support, re-evaluate intervention
Developmental
Identifies the level of motor (gross, fine, oral) social, emotional, and cognitive skills in which a child engages and targets to help child advance
Biomechanical
-Based on concepts of kinesiology, this FOR evaluates and intervenes regarding range of motion (ROM), strength, and endurance. This approach focuses on the physical limitations that interfere with the child’s ability to engage in occupation
Motor Control/Motor Leanring
Motor control examines how one directs and regulates movement whereas motor learning theory describes how children learn movements. This approach is based on dynamic systems theory that many factors influence movement and must be consider in intervention.
Rehabilitation
Them rehabilitation approach allows a person to return to previous occupations and adaptations. It provides a more immediate return by changing how the person completes occupations, including the use of adaptive equipment. This top-down approach focuses on client’s strengths and adapts tasks to compensate for limitations
Neurodevelopmental
Technique developed by Karel and Berta Bobath to help children with functional limitations due to neuropathology, primary children with functional limitations due to neuropathology, primarily children with cerebral palsy. The goal of NDT is to help children perform skilled movements more efficiently so they can carry out life skills.
Aryes Sensory Integration
The organization of sensory input to produce an adaptive response; a theoretical process and intervention approach; addressing the processing of sensory information from the body and the environment; includes modulating discriminating, and integrating, sensory information in order to produce meaningful adaptive responses
Behavioural (includes Applied Behaviour Analysis)
Behaviour is reinforced with a reward
Cognitive
Emphasizes the child to identify, develop, and use cognitive strategies to perform daily occupations effectively. Based on Bandura’s work on importance of self-efficacy and establishing goals to motivate child to achieve
