Stigma and Adaptation

Question 1

What is stigma

Answer 1

a mark of shame or discredit, an identifying characteristic

Question 2

What did Goffman say about stigma

Answer 2

Society teaches its members to categorize persons based on common characteristics
Stigma arises from social belief about a personality, behaviour or chronic condition
Social identity is the primary force of the development of stigma

Question 3

Social identity includes

Answer 3

Professional Roles
Physical activities - strength
Concept of self

Question 4

Types of Stigmas and definitions

Answer 4

Physical Deformity - actual stigma is the deficit between the expected normal perfect condition and the actual physical condition
Character blemishes - their own fault ie. alcoholism
Prejudice

Question 5

Responses of Individuals who are Stigmatized

Answer 5

Covering - make difference smaller ie. humor
Disregard - denial
Resistance and Rejection - refuse to be stigmiatized
Isolation - may surround themselves with people who are similar, or not to feel normal
Information Management - how much or little info
Passing - pretending to have less stigmatic identity, passing it off what is wrong with them
Secondary Gains - use condition for special favors

Question 6

Responses of Nonstigmatized People to Stig Indv.

Answer 6

Devaluing
Stereotyping
Labeling

Question 7

Definition of Adaption according to ____

Answer 7

Sharpe and Curran
- response to changing environments

• adjustment necessities to multiple life domains
• dynamic process
• must be looked at within the context of the individual

Question 8

Resilience definition and what is it linked and related to

Answer 8

the ability to thrive in adversity
linked to coping and adaptation
related to self-worth

Question 9

Medical Model

Answer 9

• focus on physical well being

- symptoms can be managed and cured

Question 10

Lazarus and Folkman Model

Answer 10

adaption to chronic illness through adapting to stressors

previous experiences and coping strategies impact on how well you adapt

Question 11

Engels Model

Answer 11

• physical and mental

Question 12

Liveneh and Antonak and examples

Answer 12

Four factors that affect process of adaptation (dynamic)

1. Disability related - terminal vs non terminal
2. Sociodynamics - gender, age, culture
3. Individual differences - coping strategies, personal meaning of condition
4. Physical and social environmental factors - social, support stigma

Question 13

“A Simple Model for Viewing Adaptation” definition and by who

Answer 13

5 factors that r/t with the selection of appropriate coping strategies

Moos and Holahan

Question 14

Three factors that affect cognitive appraisal

Answer 14

1) Personal resources
2) Health-related factors
3) Social and physical context

Question 15

What are the adaptive tasks?

Answer 15

Managing symptoms, treatment, emotions
Relating to family, forming relationships
Maintaing a positive self-image, preparing for an uncertain future

Question 15

What is cognitive appraisal

Answer 15

First step in the adaptive tasks

Determines if the condition is a threat/challenge