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Reproductive System > STI Learning Guide > Flashcards

STI Learning Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative organism of gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A 
In men:
10% asymptomatic
Thick, profuse, yellow discharge
Dysuria
Rectal or pharyngeal infection often asymptomatic
In women:
>50% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual or post-coital bleeding
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3
Q

What are the possible complications of gonorrhoea?

A 
In men:
Epididymitis
In women:
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Bartholin's abscess
In both sexes:
Acute monoarthritis (usually elbow or shoulder)
Disseminated gonococcal infection (skin lesions- pustular with halo)
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4
Q

What is the incubation period of gonorrhoea?

A

Range 2 days to 2 weeks

Average 5-6 days

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5
Q

In what populations is gonorrhoea most common?

A

M>F

Most common in men who have sex with men

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6
Q

How is gonorrhoea investigated?

A

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) on urine or swab from exposed site
Gram stained smear from urethra/cervix/rectum in symptomatic people
Culture of swab obtained from expose site (should be done in all cases to assess antibiotic sensitivity)

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7
Q

What is the treatment of gonorrhoea?

A

Blind treatment with ceftriaxone 1g IM

Can also treat based on antibiotic sensitivities

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8
Q

What is the follow-up for gonorrhoea?

A

Test of cure at two weeks

Test of reinfection at three months

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9
Q

What are the causative organisms of chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis senovars D to K

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

A 
In men:
>70% asymptomatic
Slight watery discharge
Dysuria
In women:
>80% asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge
Dysuria
Intermenstrual or post-coital bleeding
In both sexes:
Conjunctivitis
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11
Q

What are the potential complications of chlamydia?

A

In men:
Epididymitis
In women:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (and thus increased risk of ectopic pregnancy)
Pelvic pain
Infertility (~1% of infected women affected)
In both sexes:
Reactive arthritis
Reiter’s syndrome (urethritis/cervicitis + conjunctivitis + arthritis)

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12
Q

In what populations is chlamydia most common?

A

<25

Most common in sexually active teenage women

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13
Q

How is chlamydia investigated?

A

First void urine in men
Swab from cervix, rectum, urethra as appropriate
All specimens tested with nucleic acid amplification test

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14
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for one week

Azithromycin 1g single dose orally if pregnant

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15
Q

What is the follow-up for chlamydia?

A

Test for reinfection at 3-12 months

Earlier test for cure not indicated unless symptoms persist

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16
Q

What are the causative organisms of herpes?

A

Herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2

17
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes?

A

80% asymptomatic
If symptomatic, symptoms will be recurring (monthly, annually)
Burning/itching followed by blistering followed by tender ulceration
Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
Flu-like symptoms
Dysuria
Neuralgic pain in back, legs and pelvis

18
Q

What are the potential complications of herpes?

A

Autonomic neuropathy (urinary retention)
Neonatal infection
Secondary infection

19
Q

What is the incubation period of herpes?

A

5 days up to months. Many never get symptoms

20
Q

How is herpes distributed between populations?

A

Both strains equally common
Equal incidence in both sexes
HSV2 co-factor in HIV transmission

21
Q

How is herpes investigated?

A

Clinical suspicion

Swab from lesion tested using PCR

22
Q

How is herpes treated?

A 
Primary outbreak:
-Aciclovir
-Lidocaine ointment
Infrequent recurrences:
-Lidocaine ointment
-Aciclovir 1.2g once daily until symptoms gone (usually 1-3 days)
Frequent recurrences:
-Aciclovir 400mg bd long-term as suppression
23
Q

What is the causative organism of trichomoniasis?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

24
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

A 
Men are usually asymptomatic
In women:
-10-30% asymptomatic
-Profuse, thin vaginal discharge (green, frothy and foul smelling)
-Vulvitis
25
Q

What populations is trichomoniasis most common in?

A

More common in middle aged women than other STIs

26
Q

What are the potential complications of trichomoniasis?

A

Miscarriage

Preterm labour

27
Q

What are the causative organisms of anogenital warts?

A

Human papilloma virus types 6 and 11 (and occasionally 1)

28
Q

What are the symptoms of anogenital warts?

A

Lumps with a “cauliflower-like” surface texture

Potentially itching or bleeding- especially if perianal or intraurethral

29
Q

What are the possible complications of anogenital warts?

A

Neonatal laryngeal papillomatosis

30
Q

How are anogenital warts diagnosed?

A

On appearance

Can biopsy if abnormal to exclude intraepithelial neoplasia

31
Q

How are anogenital warts treated?

A

Podophyllotoxin
Imiquimod
Cryotherapy
Diathermy or scissor removal for bulky warts

32
Q

What is the causative organism of syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

33
Q

What are the symptoms/stages of syphilis?

A

Primary- local ulcer
Secondary- rash, mucosal ulceration, neurological symptoms, patchy alopecia
Early latent- no symptoms but <2 years since caught
Late latent- no symptoms but >2 years since caught
Tertiary- Neurological, cardiovascular or skin lesions

34
Q

What populations are most at risk of syphilis?

A

Men who have sex with men (>90% of cases in Scotland)

35
Q

What are the potential complications of syphilis?

A

Neurosyphilis- cranial nerve palsies most common
Cardiac or aortal involvement
Congenital syphilis

36
Q

What is the incubation period of syphilis?

A

9-90 days but may be asymptomatic

37
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs
Serology for TP IgGEIA, TPPA and RPR
PCR on sample from an ulcer

38
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A 
Early disease (<2 years and no neurological involvement):
-Benzathine penicillin IM single dose
or 2 weeks of oral doxycycline twice daily
Late disease (> 2 years and no neurological involvement)
-Benzathine penicillin IM weekly for three doses
-Doxycycline twice daily, orally for 28 days

Reproductive System (30 decks)

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