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Health > STI Health CAT Revision ~ 9/10/22 > Flashcards

STI Health CAT Revision ~ 9/10/22 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term ‘STI’ stand for?

A

Sexually Transmitted Infection

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2
Q

How are STIs spread?

A

Spread from person to person through sexual contact + transferring of body fluids

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3
Q

What might this STI contact involve?

A

Vaginal, oral or anal sex

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4
Q

What were STIs known as in the past?

A

STDs

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5
Q

What does STD stand for?

A

Sexually Transmitted Disease

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6
Q

What is the preferred term? STI or STD? Why?

A

STI is the preferred term since its possible to be carrying and spreading an infection without showing any signs of the disease

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7
Q

Are bacterial infections treatable?

A

Yes

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8
Q

What are bacterial infections treatable with?

A

Antibiotics

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9
Q

What is happening to bacterial infections?

A

They are becoming resistant to antibiotics

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10
Q

Are viral infections treatable?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are viral infections curable?

A

No

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12
Q

How long do you have a viral infection for?

A

You have it for the rest of your life

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13
Q

What is the difference between bacterial infection particles and viral infection particles?

A

Viral infection particles are much smaller than bacteria

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14
Q

What is BBV?

A

Blood Borne Virus

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15
Q

How is BBV carried?

A

Carried in blood

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16
Q

How is BBV spread?

A

Can be spread by contamination with infected blood, high risk sexual behaviour and through sharing needles

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17
Q

What are the most common BBVs?

A

HIV, Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C

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18
Q

What are some bacterial STIs?

A

Chlamydia, Syphilis and Gonorrhoea

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19
Q

What are some viral STIs?

A

HIV/AIDs, Genital Herpes, Hepatitis B and Genital Warts (HPV)

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20
Q

What are some mites/lice?

A

Pubic lice, Scabies, Trichomoniasis

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21
Q

What is a yeast infection?

A

Thrush

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22
Q

What are some questions to consider if your someone with an STI?

A
  • What are the reasons for people’s responses?
  • Who should you tell if you have an STI?
  • How do you cope with negative responses?
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23
Q

Where do STI symptoms develop?

A

They usually develop around the genital areas

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24
Q

What are the symptoms of STIs?

A
  • Unusual discharge from the penis, vagina or anus
  • Pain during urination
  • Sores on the genital area
  • Blisters on the genital area
  • Ulcers on the genital area
  • Warts on the genital area
  • Rashes on the genital area
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25
Q

Does everyone with an STI develop symptoms?

A

Many people with an STI don’t develop any symptoms

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26
Q

Are check-ups important?

A

Yes

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27
Q

How do STIs spread from one person to another?

A
  • Sexual intercourse (vaginal/oral/anal)
  • Sharing needles, razors or tattoos
  • Mother to baby through childbirth or breast milk
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28
Q

What can people do to avoid getting an STI?

A
  • Keep to known sexual partners
  • Using condoms or dams when having any sexual contact
  • Communicate with your partner —> whether they have previously been infected or had unprotected sex
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29
Q

Why are young people mainly at risk of acquiring an STI?

A
  • Low confidence
  • Lack of experience –> identifying risks
  • More experimentation with numerous partners
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30
Q

Is sex required to get an STD?

A

No

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31
Q

What is Genital Warts also known as?

A

HPV

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32
Q

How can HPV be spread?

A

Skin-to-skin contact

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33
Q

What can HPV lead to?

A
  • Warts (usually harmless)
  • Cervical or anal cancer
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34
Q

What are the signs of HPV?

A
  • Pink or flesh coloured warts
    • Raised, flat or cauliflower-shaped warts
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35
Q

Are there often symptoms of HPV?

A

No

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36
Q

What is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

A

Painless cold sore that appears on the lip

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37
Q

Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 an STD?

A

Its not usually an STD

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38
Q

How is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 spread?

A

Spread to the genital through oral or genital contact with an infected person

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39
Q

Is there a cure for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?

A

No

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40
Q

What do drugs do for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?

A

Shorten or prevent outbreaks

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41
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?

A
  • Occasional cold sores on the lips
  • Small blisters or sores on the genitals
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42
Q

What is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 the cause of?

A

Most cases of genital herpes

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43
Q

Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 contagious?

A

Its highly contagious

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44
Q

How is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 spread?

A

Through intercourse or direct contact with a herpes sore

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45
Q

Does Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 have a cure?

A

No

46
Q

What do antiviral drugs do to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2?

A

Make the outbreaks less frequent and help efficiently clear up symptoms

47
Q

What are the symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2?

A

Fluid-filled blisters

48
Q

What is another word for gonorrhoea?

A

The Clap

49
Q

Is gonorrhoea spread easily?

A

Yes

50
Q

What can gonorrhoea lead to if left untreated?

A

Infertility in both men and women

51
Q

What do antibiotics do to gonorrhoea?

A

Stop the infection

52
Q

Has gonorrheoa become resistant to antibiotics?

A

Yes, its become resistant to some antibiotics

53
Q

Is gonorrhoea easy to cure?

A

Its become harder to cure

54
Q

Is gonorrhoea contagious?

A

Its highly contagious

55
Q

Why is gonorrhoea increasing?

A

People are having oral sex without using a condom

56
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A
  • Burning during urination
  • Discharge
  • Skin rashes
57
Q

Are there often early symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

No

58
Q

Where is gonorrhoea spread to?

A

It can be spread to the joints and blood

59
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?

A
  • Discharge from the penis
  • Swollen testicles
60
Q

What are symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?

A
  • Vaginal discharge
  • Pelvic pain
  • Spotting
61
Q

What are gonorrhoea symptoms usually confused with?

A

A urinary tract or vaginal infection

62
Q

Do people usually notice the early symptoms of syphilis?

A

No

63
Q

What can syphilis lead to if left untreated?

A
  • Paralysis
  • Blindness
  • Death
64
Q

Can syphilis be cured?

A

Yes

65
Q

How can syphilis be cured?

A

With antibiotics

66
Q

Is syphilis hard to cure? If so, why?

A

It has become harder to cure because its become resistant to antibiotics

67
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of syphilis?

A

Firm, round, painless sore on the genitals or anus

68
Q

How is syphilis spread?

A

Through direct contact with this sore

69
Q

What else may occur from syphilis?

A
  • Swollen glands
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
70
Q

What do symptoms for syphilis occur from?

A

Damaged organs

71
Q

What is PID?

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

72
Q

Is PID an STD?

A

Its not an STD itself

73
Q

How does PID occur?

A

When bacteria spreads to infect the uterus and other female reproductive organs

74
Q

Is treatment required for PID? Why?

A

Treatment is essential to prevent damage to a women’s fertility

75
Q

What is another word for pubic lice?

A

Crabs

76
Q

Why is pubic lice also referred to as crabs?

A

They are shaped like crabs

77
Q

How are crabs spread?

A

They crawl from one person to another during close contact

78
Q

How can crabs be killed?

A

Using over-the-counter lotions

79
Q

What are the symptoms of crabs?

A
  • Intense itching
  • Tiny eggs attached to pubic hair
  • Crawling lice
80
Q

What is scabies?

A

An itchy infestation

81
Q

What is scabies caused by?

A

A tiny mite that burrows into human skin to lay eggs

82
Q

Is scabies always an STD?

A

No

83
Q

How is scabies spread?

A

Through skin-to-skin contact

84
Q

How is scabies treated?

A

With prescription creams

85
Q

What are the symptoms of scabies?

A
  • Intense itching (especially at night)
  • Pimple-like rash
86
Q

How long does it take for scabies symptoms to appear?

A

2-6 weeks

87
Q

What can chlamydia lead to if left untreated?

A

Infertility

88
Q

How does chlamydia clear up quickly?

A

Using antibiotics

89
Q

Why does chlamydia often go unnoticed?

A

The symptoms are vague or absent

90
Q

What does chlamydia tend to infect?

A

The rectum and throat

91
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in men?

A
  • Burning + itching at the tip of the penis
  • Discharge
  • Painful urination
92
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia in women?

A
  • Vaginal itching
  • Discharge (may have an odour)
  • Painful urination
93
Q

Should an STI be taken if you have no symptoms?

A

Yes

94
Q

Who should have an STI test?

A
  • Someone who is having sex
  • Someone who has any symptoms
  • Someone who is worried about their sexual health
95
Q

How do you arrange an STI test?

A

Set up an appointment with a doctor or sexual health clinic

96
Q

When is it good to have an STI test?

A
  • You have had a condom break/fall off during sex
  • Your partner has another sexual partner or has had previous sexual partners
  • You are planning on getting pregnant
97
Q

What happens during an STI test?

A
  • You will be seen by a qualified health professional such as a doctor or nurse
  • Usually begin by asking about your sexual history
98
Q

What are some personal questions that you might be asked?

A
  • Your sexual orientation (straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual etc)
    • Number of sexual partners
    • Whether you have any symptoms
99
Q

What happens after taking note of your sexual history?

A
  • The health professional will perform an examine to search for STIs
  • The health professional will check your external genital area
  • The health professional may even check the inside of your mouth, vagina or anus
100
Q

What type of sample is taken for males?

A

A urine sample

101
Q

What type of sample is taken for females?

A

A urine sample and vaginal swab

102
Q

What is a vaginal swab?

A

A long cotton bud takes a sample of vaginal secretion

103
Q

What STIs require a blood sample from the arm?

A

Hepatitis, Syphilis and HIV

104
Q

What type of test is required for unprotected oral or anal sex?

A

Throat swab or self-collected anal swab

105
Q

How long do test results take?

A

One week

106
Q

What happens if your results are positive?

A

Sexual partner also needs to be tested and treated

107
Q

What is contact tracing?

A

The process of identifying people who may have come into contact with an infected person

108
Q

Do clinics require a Medicare card? How can you check?

A

Some do require a Medicare card. When making an appointment, check whether they require a Medicare card

109
Q

How can you get a Medicare card?

A

Go to a Medicare office with identification and complete a form

110
Q

Where can you get an STI test?

A
  • Doctor
  • Sexual Health Clinic
  • Family planning clinics

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