STI Health CAT Revision ~ 9/10/22 Flashcards
1
Q
What does the term ‘STI’ stand for?
A
Sexually Transmitted Infection
2
Q
How are STIs spread?
A
Spread from person to person through sexual contact + transferring of body fluids
3
Q
What might this STI contact involve?
A
Vaginal, oral or anal sex
4
Q
What were STIs known as in the past?
A
STDs
5
Q
What does STD stand for?
A
Sexually Transmitted Disease
6
Q
What is the preferred term? STI or STD? Why?
A
STI is the preferred term since its possible to be carrying and spreading an infection without showing any signs of the disease
7
Q
Are bacterial infections treatable?
A
Yes
8
Q
What are bacterial infections treatable with?
A
Antibiotics
9
Q
What is happening to bacterial infections?
A
They are becoming resistant to antibiotics
10
Q
Are viral infections treatable?
A
Yes
11
Q
Are viral infections curable?
A
No
12
Q
How long do you have a viral infection for?
A
You have it for the rest of your life
13
Q
What is the difference between bacterial infection particles and viral infection particles?
A
Viral infection particles are much smaller than bacteria
14
Q
What is BBV?
A
Blood Borne Virus
15
Q
How is BBV carried?
A
Carried in blood
16
Q
How is BBV spread?
A
Can be spread by contamination with infected blood, high risk sexual behaviour and through sharing needles
17
Q
What are the most common BBVs?
A
HIV, Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C
18
Q
What are some bacterial STIs?
A
Chlamydia, Syphilis and Gonorrhoea
19
Q
What are some viral STIs?
A
HIV/AIDs, Genital Herpes, Hepatitis B and Genital Warts (HPV)
20
Q
What are some mites/lice?
A
Pubic lice, Scabies, Trichomoniasis
21
Q
What is a yeast infection?
A
Thrush
22
Q
What are some questions to consider if your someone with an STI?
A
- What are the reasons for people’s responses?
- Who should you tell if you have an STI?
- How do you cope with negative responses?
23
Q
Where do STI symptoms develop?
A
They usually develop around the genital areas
24
Q
What are the symptoms of STIs?
A
- Unusual discharge from the penis, vagina or anus
- Pain during urination
- Sores on the genital area
- Blisters on the genital area
- Ulcers on the genital area
- Warts on the genital area
- Rashes on the genital area
25
Does everyone with an STI develop symptoms?
Many people with an STI don't develop any symptoms
26
Are check-ups important?
Yes
27
How do STIs spread from one person to another?
- Sexual intercourse (*vaginal/oral/anal*)
- Sharing needles, razors or tattoos
- Mother to baby through childbirth or breast milk
28
What can people do to avoid getting an STI?
- Keep to known sexual partners
- Using condoms or dams when having any sexual contact
- Communicate with your partner —> *whether they have previously been infected or had unprotected sex*
29
Why are young people mainly at risk of acquiring an STI?
- Low confidence
- Lack of experience --> identifying risks
- More experimentation with numerous partners
30
Is sex required to get an STD?
No
31
What is Genital Warts also known as?
HPV
32
How can HPV be spread?
Skin-to-skin contact
33
What can HPV lead to?
- Warts (usually harmless)
- Cervical or anal cancer
34
What are the signs of HPV?
- Pink or flesh coloured warts
- Raised, flat or cauliflower-shaped warts
35
Are there often symptoms of HPV?
No
36
What is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Painless cold sore that appears on the lip
37
Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 an STD?
Its not usually an STD
38
How is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 spread?
Spread to the genital through oral or genital contact with an infected person
39
Is there a cure for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?
No
40
What do drugs do for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?
Shorten or prevent outbreaks
41
What are the signs and symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1?
- Occasional cold sores on the lips
- Small blisters or sores on the genitals
42
What is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 the cause of?
Most cases of genital herpes
43
Is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 contagious?
Its highly contagious
44
How is Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 spread?
Through intercourse or direct contact with a herpes sore
45
Does Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 have a cure?
No
46
What do antiviral drugs do to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2?
Make the outbreaks less frequent and help efficiently clear up symptoms
47
What are the symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2?
Fluid-filled blisters
48
What is another word for gonorrhoea?
The Clap
49
Is gonorrhoea spread easily?
Yes
50
What can gonorrhoea lead to if left untreated?
Infertility in both men and women
51
What do antibiotics do to gonorrhoea?
Stop the infection
52
Has gonorrheoa become resistant to antibiotics?
Yes, its become resistant to some antibiotics
53
Is gonorrhoea easy to cure?
Its become harder to cure
54
Is gonorrhoea contagious?
Its highly contagious
55
Why is gonorrhoea increasing?
People are having oral sex without using a condom
56
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
- Burning during urination
- Discharge
- Skin rashes
57
Are there often early symptoms of gonorrhoea?
No
58
Where is gonorrhoea spread to?
It can be spread to the joints and blood
59
What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea in men?
- Discharge from the penis
- Swollen testicles
60
What are symptoms of gonorrhoea in women?
- Vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain
- Spotting
61
What are gonorrhoea symptoms usually confused with?
A urinary tract or vaginal infection
62
Do people usually notice the early symptoms of syphilis?
No
63
What can syphilis lead to if left untreated?
- Paralysis
- Blindness
- Death
64
Can syphilis be cured?
Yes
65
How can syphilis be cured?
With antibiotics
66
Is syphilis hard to cure? If so, why?
It has become harder to cure because its become resistant to antibiotics
67
What are the signs and symptoms of syphilis?
Firm, round, painless sore on the genitals or anus
68
How is syphilis spread?
Through direct contact with this sore
69
What else may occur from syphilis?
- Swollen glands
- Fever
- Fatigue
70
What do symptoms for syphilis occur from?
Damaged organs
71
What is PID?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
72
Is PID an STD?
Its not an STD itself
73
How does PID occur?
When bacteria spreads to infect the uterus and other female reproductive organs
74
Is treatment required for PID? Why?
Treatment is essential to prevent damage to a women's fertility
75
What is another word for pubic lice?
Crabs
76
Why is pubic lice also referred to as crabs?
They are shaped like crabs
77
How are crabs spread?
They crawl from one person to another during close contact
78
How can crabs be killed?
Using over-the-counter lotions
79
What are the symptoms of crabs?
- Intense itching
- Tiny eggs attached to pubic hair
- Crawling lice
80
What is scabies?
An itchy infestation
81
What is scabies caused by?
A tiny mite that burrows into human skin to lay eggs
82
Is scabies always an STD?
No
83
How is scabies spread?
Through skin-to-skin contact
84
How is scabies treated?
With prescription creams
85
What are the symptoms of scabies?
- Intense itching (*especially at night*)
- Pimple-like rash
86
How long does it take for scabies symptoms to appear?
2-6 weeks
87
What can chlamydia lead to if left untreated?
Infertility
88
How does chlamydia clear up quickly?
Using antibiotics
89
Why does chlamydia often go unnoticed?
The symptoms are vague or absent
90
What does chlamydia tend to infect?
The rectum and throat
91
What are the symptoms of chlamydia in men?
- Burning + itching at the tip of the penis
- Discharge
- Painful urination
92
What are the symptoms of chlamydia in women?
- Vaginal itching
- Discharge (*may have an odour*)
- Painful urination
93
Should an STI be taken if you have no symptoms?
Yes
94
Who should have an STI test?
- Someone who is having sex
- Someone who has any symptoms
- Someone who is worried about their sexual health
95
How do you arrange an STI test?
Set up an appointment with a doctor or sexual health clinic
96
When is it good to have an STI test?
- You have had a condom break/fall off during sex
- Your partner has another sexual partner or has had previous sexual partners
- You are planning on getting pregnant
97
What happens during an STI test?
- You will be seen by a qualified health professional such as a doctor or nurse
- Usually begin by asking about your sexual history
98
What are some personal questions that you might be asked?
- Your sexual orientation (*straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual etc*)
- Number of sexual partners
- Whether you have any symptoms
99
What happens after taking note of your sexual history?
- The health professional will perform an examine to search for STIs
- The health professional will check your external genital area
- The health professional may even check the inside of your mouth, vagina or anus
100
What type of sample is taken for males?
A urine sample
101
What type of sample is taken for females?
A urine sample and vaginal swab
102
What is a vaginal swab?
A long cotton bud takes a sample of vaginal secretion
103
What STIs require a blood sample from the arm?
Hepatitis, Syphilis and HIV
104
What type of test is required for unprotected oral or anal sex?
Throat swab or self-collected anal swab
105
How long do test results take?
One week
106
What happens if your results are positive?
Sexual partner also needs to be tested and treated
107
What is contact tracing?
The process of identifying people who may have come into contact with an infected person
108
Do clinics require a Medicare card? How can you check?
Some do require a Medicare card. When making an appointment, check whether they require a Medicare card
109
How can you get a Medicare card?
Go to a Medicare office with identification and complete a form
110
Where can you get an STI test?
- Doctor
- Sexual Health Clinic
- Family planning clinics
