stereotypes & prejudice

Question 1

the ABCs of prejudice

Answer 1

affective: prejudice, behavioral: discrimination, cognitive: stereotype

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

emotional responses to a group ; may be automatic & involuntary

Question 3

discrimination

Answer 3

differential treatment due to group membership

Question 4

stereotype

Answer 4

beliefs and knowledge about a group; a generalization may be thought to be true for all members of the group

Question 5

three components of intergroup discrimination

Answer 5

ingroup formation, outgroup differentiation, intergroup social competition

Question 6

ingroup formation

Answer 6

favoritism towards ingroup members ; not necessarily negative attitude towards outgroup

Question 7

outgroup differentiation

Answer 7

enhanced derogation, hostility, and distrust of groups seen as different

Question 8

intergroup social competition

Answer 8

efforts and desire to attain relative advantage of the ingroup over the outgroup

Question 9

realistic group conflict theory

Answer 9

prejudice fueled by threat and competition with an outgroup ; “they are bad” ; argues that competition for scarce resources will increase prejudice and discrimination ; correlation between lynching & cotton prices

Question 10

social identity theory

Answer 10

prejudice fueled by a bias to view one’s group as better than outgroup; “we are good” ; suggests self esteem is boosted by derogatory feelings about outgroups ; “we’re better than them”

Question 11

relative deprivation

Answer 11

feeling that you or your group is being treated unfairly compared to others

Question 12

scapegoating

Answer 12

blaming problems and misfortunes on outgroups; violence towards outgroups increased when resources are scarce

Question 13

minimal group paradigm

Answer 13

prejudice, stereotypes , and discrimination can occur when group differences are meaningless

Question 14

minimal groups

Answer 14

when groups are defined by superficial dimensions like an art preference or even randomly designed

Question 15

ingroup bias

Answer 15

members of ingroup seen more favorably, discrimination in reward allocation

Question 16

outgroup homogeneity

Answer 16

members of the outgroups are seen as more similar to each other ; they’re all the same

Question 17

optimal distinctiveness

Answer 17

a social psychological theory that describes the psychological motivations that drive people to identify with groups ; there are two basic human needs drive for inclusion & drive for distinction

Question 18

drive for inclusion

Answer 18

met through group memberships

Question 19

drive for differentiation

Answer 19

met by distinguishing ourselves from others

Question 20

stereotypes are

Answer 20

highly accessible, pervasive, and persistent

Question 21

the contact hypothesis

Answer 21

prejudice is reduced by increased social interaction with racial outgroups

Question 22

the common ingroup identity model

Answer 22

reducing prejudice through social re-categorization; view distinct groups as part of one larger , all encompassing grou

Question 23

does prejudice reduction work?

Answer 23

yes if you rely on self report

Question 24

implicit attitudes

Answer 24

the automatic, involuntary associations that come to mind ; well learned associations between categories

Question 25

explicit attitudes

Answer 25

consciously chosen beliefs; corrects for automatically activated information ; whether you believe the stereotype or let it affect your behavior requires conscious effort

Question 26

implicit attitudes test

Answer 26

IAT measures how easy it is to associate different social categories with positive or negative stimuli

Question 27

evaluative priming

Answer 27

if category facilitates recognition of negative words , there must be a negative association with the category & vice versa with positive

Question 28

shooter bias

Answer 28

faster to shoot armed targets and more likely to shoot black armed targets; smaller ERNs for “shooting” unarmed Black targets (relative to shooting unarmed white targets

Question 29

weapon recognition bias

Answer 29

subliminally presented white or black faces before seeing common objects or weapons ; faster to recognize a weapon after seeing a Black face

Question 30

automatic components of attitudes

Answer 30

emotional, expected to elicit more amygdala activation

Question 31

controlled components of attitudes

Answer 31

cognitive, expected to elicit more frontal lobe activation